陕西省DB61/T 1563-2022《夏大豆机械化生产技术规范》解读,大豆机械化,技术规范-农机网
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地点： 邢台市
开展时间： 2024-04-28
举办单位： 中国·宁晋（大陆村）农机博览会组委会
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地点： 西安市
开展时间： 2024-05-08
举办单位： 全国工商联五金机电商会、山东福瑞德国际会展集团
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地点： 广州市
开展时间： 2024-05-10
举办单位： 广东鸿威国际会展集团有限公司
陕西省DB61/T 1563-2022《夏大豆机械化生产技术规范》解读
2023-06-19
15:12:32
来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：21781
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导读：规定了夏大豆机械化生产的品种选择、秸秆处理、播种与施肥、田间管理、收获、干燥与贮藏、残茬处理等主要作业环节的技术要求，描述了试验验证方法。适用于夏大豆机械化生产。
【农机网 政策与标准】2022年6月27日，陕西省市场监督管理局批准发布DB61/T 1563-2022《夏大豆机械化生产技术规范》，该地方标准自2022年7月27日起实施。
该标准由陕西省农业农村厅提出并归口，由宝鸡市农业科学研究院、延安市农业科学研究所、陕西省农产品质量安全中心起草，规定了夏大豆机械化生产的品种选择、秸秆处理、播种与施肥、田间管理、收获、干燥与贮藏、残茬处理等主要作业环节的技术要求，描述了试验验证方法。适用于夏大豆机械化生产。
品种选择：选用经过国家或省级审定，抗倒伏、落叶性好，适合机械化作业的丰产、稳产夏大豆品种，种子质量应符合GB 4404.2的要求。
秸秆处理：前茬作物收获宜采用带有茎秆切碎和抛洒装置的
联合收割机进行，割茬高度不大于15 cm，秸秆粉碎合格率不小于95 %，抛洒不均匀率不大于20 %。
【播种与施肥】
播种期：前茬作物收获后及时播种，一般不晚于6月20日。
播种：根据品种特性、地力、水肥、光热资源等因素合理确定种植密度，行距30 cm～50 cm，等行距播种， 播种深度3 cm～5 cm，种肥间距8 cm～10 cm，留苗密度22.5 万株/hm2～30 万株/hm2。
施肥：结合播种，施缓释复合肥(N:P2O5:KO2=15:15:15，总养分含量不小于45%)300 kg/hm2～375 kg/hm2， 肥料使用应符合NY/T 496的要求。
作业：采用
施肥播种机一次性完成灭茬、开沟、施肥、播种、覆土作业，播种作业质量应符合NY/T 1143的要求。
【田间管理】
灌溉：在夏大豆生育期间如遇干旱应及时灌溉。
追肥：花荚期进行根外追肥，用尿素7.5 kg/hm²～11.25 kg/hm²、磷酸二氢钾3 kg/hm²和硼砂1.5 kg/hm²兑水750 kg进行叶面喷施，高地隙喷杆式
喷雾机或植保无人机作业，肥料使用应符合NY/T 496的要求。
病虫草害防治——
病虫害：选择适宜的药剂、药械及时防治，用高地隙喷杆式喷雾机或植保无人机进行防治作业，农药使用应 符合GB/T 8321.10的要求。
草害：播后苗前进行封闭除草，大豆 1 叶期～3 叶期或杂草 2 叶期～4 叶期进行茎叶除草。
除草机械选用幅宽、行距、轮距适合的机具，化学除草用高地隙喷杆式喷雾机或植保无人机在晴天无风或微风状态下进行作业。
农药使用应符合 GB/T 8321.10 的要求。
作业——
喷药均匀，不重喷、不漏喷、低漂移，雾滴直径 250 μm～400 μm。
植保无人机飞行高度距离大豆顶端不大于 1.5 m，飞行速度不大于 3 m/s，液体流速不小于 1.3 L/min，喷雾机作业质量应符合 NY/T 650 的要求。
收获——
收获期：完熟期选择干燥、无露滴的晴天进行机械收获。
作业：损失率不大于3 %，含杂率不大于2 %，破碎率不大于1 %，作业质量应符合NY/T 738的要求。
干燥与贮藏：收获后应及时进行晾晒或烘干，水分含量不大于13 %入库贮藏。
残茬处理：残茬及时粉碎还田，灭茬深度不大于8 cm，根茬粉碎率不小于90 %，粉碎质量应符合NY/T 985的要求。
试验方法
割茬高度按照 NY/T 995-2006 中 5.3.1 的规定执行。
秸秆粉碎合格率和抛洒不均匀率按照 NY/T 995-2006 中 5.3.5 的规定执行。
损失率按照 NY/T 738-2020 中 4.1.2.1 的规定执行。
含杂率按照 NY/T 738-2020 中 4.1.2.2 的规定执行。
破碎率按照 NY/T 738-2020 中 4.1.2.3 的规定执行。
灭茬深度按照 NY/T 985-2019 中 5.4.1 的规定执行。
根茬粉碎率按照 NY/T 985-2019 中 5.4.2 的规定执行。
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