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安徽省DB34/T 534-2022《花生收获机械化作业技术规范》解读

2023-01-03 08:58:47 来源:农机网整理发布 阅读量:33784 评论

导读:该标准规定了花生收获机械化技术的收获条件、机具要求、操作规程、作业质量要求、机具的维护和保养。适用于安徽省花生收获机械化作业。

  【农机网 政策与标准】安徽省DB34/T 534-2022《花生收获机械化作业技术规范》于2022年3月29日由安徽省市场监督管理局批准发布,该地方标准自2022年4月29日开始实施。
 

 

  该标准由安徽省农业机械技术推广总站提出,由安徽省农业农村厅归口,由安徽省农业机械技术推广总站、固镇县农业机械技术推广站、蒙城县农机化技术推广服务站、怀远县农机化技术推广中心起草。
 
  该标准规定了花生收获机械化技术的收获条件、机具要求、操作规程、作业质量要求、机具的维护和保养。适用于安徽省花生收获机械化作业。
 
  操作规程——
 
  机手要求:
 
  机手应通过必要的培训,必须熟悉所驾驶的机型结构特点,掌握使用操作和维护保养等相关技能。
 
  机手必须仔细阅读、充分理解花生收获机械使用说明书,掌握使用方法后再按使用说明书实际操作。
 
  严禁机手酒后或身体疲劳状态下驾驶机具。
 
  机手在作业时要穿适宜的服装,女机手需把长头发带入工作帽内,不准佩戴围巾作业。
 
  闲杂人员及未成年人不准靠近作业区域。
 
  作业时配有辅助人员,机手要确保其安全,辅助人员在接近机器时要告知机手。
 
  花生分段收获机作业规程——
 
  花生挖掘铺放作业规程
 
  确定花生挖掘铺放机具在田间作业的进出口、作业路线后,再下田作业。
 
  启动前检查周围环境,辅助人员和其他旁观者都处于安全位置后,方可起步。
 
  花生挖掘铺放机工作前,先使机器空转 5 min,待机器运转正常后方可进行作业。
 
  根据作物的长势、产量、土壤性质等,选择适宜的作业速度,花生挖掘铺放机正常行驶速度为中速大油门。
 
  夹持式花生挖掘铺放机作业时,通过调整拖拉机的行走方向,使得链条吃秧口中心与垄上两行花生的中心对齐,确保秧苗顺畅均匀喂入。
 
  收获第一垄时,由于拖拉机的轮距与花生垄距不配套,一般会出现一轮在垄沟底、一轮在垄上或垄脊,需要单边调整悬挂调节拉杆,维持收获机的机身水平,控制收获机挖掘深度一致。开墒结束后,再调整回初始状态,开始正常作业。
 
  作业一个工作幅宽到地头后,提升机具后转弯,转弯及降落机具应缓慢,不宜过快,以防冲击损机,机具落地后严禁倒退。
 
  作业时,辅助人员应随机观察花生收获的质量,发现问题及时通知机手停机排除。
 
  花生捡拾摘果作业规程:
 
  花生挖掘铺放后,应晾晒 3 d~5 d 后,再采用自走式捡拾收获机进行捡拾摘果作业。自走式花生捡拾摘果机启动发动机前,要认真检查变速操纵杆是否处于空挡位置、主离合器手柄是否处于分离位置,在确认收获机周围无人靠近,鸣笛警示后,才能启动发动机。
 
  自走式花生捡拾摘果机起步时,要踏下行走离合器,平稳加大油门,待收获机达到额定转速后,再进行收获。
 
  在负荷允许的情况下,花生捡拾摘果机应尽量满幅或接近满幅工作,减少收获损失。
 
  自走式花生捡拾摘果机在正常作业时,采用低速大油门作业。早晚有雾或雨后作业时,应降低作业速度;中午前后,秸秆干燥,可提高作业速度。
 
  为便于左侧卸果、草,减少空行,可采取顺时针向心回转收获。
 
  果箱或草箱装满后,及时停机卸果、卸草,严禁急刹车。
 
  花生场地摘果作业规程:
 
  花生挖掘铺放后,通过收集运输到场地进行固定式摘果作业。花生摘果机启动发动机或电机前,确认周围无人靠近后,才能启动。
 
  使机组空转 5 min,待机组运转平稳,均匀输入花生蔓,开始摘果。
 
  检查花生秧的干鲜程度,采取鲜摘作业花生秧的含水率大于 40%;干摘作业花生秧的含水率低于15%。
 
  摘果机作业时,排杂口应顺风向而置,严禁将手伸向喂入口。
 
  喂入物料要均匀一致,如喂入量太大造成机器有异响,应停止喂入半分钟后再喂料。
 
  花生联合收获作业规程:
 
  启动发动机前,将主变速手柄置于“停止”的位置,各离合器手柄置于“分离”的位置,鸣笛示警,确保周围无人靠近时再启动机器。
 
  花生联合收获机从人工收获处进入田块,由田边开始左向转弯收获。
 
  刚入地时,距离花生秧 1 m 左右,调整机器方向,使收获机中心与垄中心对齐,然后降低割台, 使铲刀入土,操纵限深轮升降手柄,根据夹持花生秧情况,调整好限深轮的高度。
 
  试收时尽量慢速作业,边行驶边观察,保持夹持链条入口距离地面 5 cm~7 cm。
 
  试收正常后根据作物的长势、产量、土壤性质等,选择合适的作业速度。在“倒伏档”和“作业档”的位置进行收获作业,禁止在“行走档”上的高速收获作业。
 
  收获时要随时调整挖掘铲到适宜高度,检查夹持链是否堵塞,抖土器是否抖土干净,并根据实际作业情况及时调整。
 
  作业期间要经常停机清理缠草、缠膜、摘果叶片泥土等。
 
  一垄收获结束后,将收获台提至最高位置转弯。
 
  果箱装满后,及时停机卸果。
 
  作业质量要求
 
  在满足花生机械化作业条件下,花生联合收获机、花生挖掘机、花生捡拾收获机的作业质量应满足表 1 的规定。
 
  作业质量各项指标检测方法应符合 NY/T 502 的规定。
 
  表1花生收获作业质量指标
 

 

 
       点击下方下载完整标准文件。
 
  注:本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布,资料来源:地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 
相关资料下载:

DB34T534-2022FDIS.pdf

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