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青海省DB63/T 1896-2021《杂交油菜机械化覆膜制种技术规范》解读

2023-04-04 11:40:19 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：35955 评论

导读：适用于杂交油菜在海拔1800.00 m～2500.00 m区域制种时使用。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】青海省DB63/T 1896-2021《杂交油菜机械化覆膜制种技术规范》该地方标准于2021年3月10日由青海省市场监督管理局批准发布，自2021年5月10日起实施。规定了杂交油菜机械化覆膜制种产量指标、制种田要求、备耕、播种技术、田间管理、收获、种子检验包装等技术操作内容。适用于杂交油菜在海拔1800.00 m～2500.00 m区域制种时使用。

 

　　【制种田要求】
 
　　隔离区选择：具有天然屏障隔离区，制种区周围 1000 m 范围内不得种植十字花科作物；无天然屏障隔离区，制种区周围 2000 m 范围内不得种植十字花科作物。
 
　　地块选择：选土壤肥沃、地势平坦、排灌方便并至少一年未种十字花科作物的地块。
 
　　【备耕】
 
　　播前灌溉：前作收获后，当昼夜温差降至-5 ℃～+5 ℃之间时冬灌，未进行冬灌的田块次年播前8天～12天春灌。
 
　　耕整地：前作收获后结合秋翻每亩撒施商品有机肥500 kg，耕深20 cm～30 cm。春季解冻时结合整地，用低毒、低残留油菜田除草剂土壤处理，底肥施五氧化二磷0.12 t/hm2～0.135 t/hm2(每亩8.00千克～每亩9.00千克)、纯氮0.060 t/hm2～0.075 t/hm2(每亩4.00千克～每亩5.00千克)、氧化钾0.075 t/hm2～0.090 t/hm2(每亩5.00千克～每亩6.00千克)、纯硼0.0024 t/hm2～0.0036 t/hm2(每亩0.16千克～每亩0.24千克)，并及时进行旋耕，耕深10 cm～15 cm。
 
　　覆膜前(前期)准备：选用厚度0.01 mm～0.02 mm，幅宽1.4 m的黑色地膜；备好覆膜机械或油菜覆膜穴播一体机、手推式单行精量穴播机、镇压辊等机械。
 
　　【播种技术】
 
　　种子准备：将精选好的恢复系和不育系种子根据制种面积核准种子量。
 
　　播种期：3月下旬至4月上旬，根据品种恢复系和不育系通过春化时间长短可以同期播种也可以分期播种。
 
　　播种量：恢复系按 0.00075 t/hm2(每亩 0.05 千克)播种，不育系按 0.00225 t/hm2(每亩 0.15 千克)播种。
 
　　【播种方式】
 
　　覆膜穴播一体化播种：在亲本同期播种的制种基地，用覆膜穴播机进行作业，每穴播种 2 粒～3 粒。恢复系行距 30.00 cm、不育系行距 25.00 cm，株距 25.00 cm。恢复系和不育系行比 2﹕6。播深 2.00 cm～3.00 cm。
 
　　人工穴播机播种：亲本要求错期播种的制种基地，机械覆膜作业后用人工手推式精量点播机播种，每穴播种2粒～3 粒，播种后用10.00 kg重的铁磙镇压膜面，使土壤充分接触种子。
 
　　【田间管理】
 
　　间苗定苗：幼苗5叶～6叶时进行间苗和定苗。不育系每亩保苗0.80万株～1.20万株；恢复系每亩保苗1.00万株～1.50万株。
 
　　去杂:
 
　　蕾苔期以前去杂：根据恢复系和不育系叶色、叶形、心叶色泽等特征，取杂1次～2次。
 
　　花期去杂：初花期至盛花期取杂4次～5次，每次拔出的杂株进行集中处理，田间杂株率控制在0.50 %以下。
 
　　终花期至收获期去杂：终花期恢复系主花序上还有4朵-5朵花时彻底割除恢复系，同时将不育系行中结实不正常植株(主要表现结萝卜角的植株、比普通植株高大的植株等)拔除。
 
　　辅助授粉：初花期至盛花期在制种基地用蜜蜂辅助授粉，配蜂箱不少于每公顷3箱。
 
　　追肥:幼苗5叶期～6叶期进行追肥。不育系施尿素0.045 t/hm2～0.060 t/hm2(每亩3.00千克～每亩4.00 千克)，恢复系施尿素0.060 t/hm2～0.075 t/hm2(每亩4.00千克～每亩5.00千克)。
 
　　生育期灌溉:叶期、蕾苔期、绿熟期各灌水一次。
 
　　【病虫草害综合防治】
 
　　病虫害防治:病虫害防治按照DB63/T 943执行。
 
　　除草:结合间苗、去杂，人工除草2次～3次。
 
　　收获:全田角果80%呈黄色时进行人工割晒，在田间晒干后脱粒；收获的种子及时晾晒，种子水分达到GB 4407.2要求。
 
　　种子检验包装:精选后的种子按GB/T 3543.2的规定扦样，种子净度、发芽率、真实性和品种纯度、水分含量分别依次按GB/T 3543.3 、GB/T 3543.4 、GB/T 3543.5和GB/T 3543.6 进行检测，种子质量符合GB 4407.2 要求后，装袋并附标签贮存，标签应符合GB 20464要求。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 

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