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四川省《DB51/T 2885-2022马铃薯全程机械化生产作业技术规范》解读

2022-10-11 13:46:29 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：27506 评论

导读：该标准适用于四川省高海拔一季作区、中海拔二季作区、低海拔二季作区的马铃薯全程机械化生产作业。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2022年5月20日，四川省市场监督管理局批准发布了《DB51/T 2885-2022马铃薯全程机械化生产作业技术规范》。该地方标准由四川省农业农村厅提出、归口并解释，由四川省农机化技术推广总站、成都市农林科学院、四川省农业机械研究设计院起草。
 
　　该标准规定了马铃薯全程机械化生产作业的前期准备、耕整地、播种、中耕、植保、灌溉、杀秧、收获等环节技术要求。适用于四川省高海拔一季作区、中海拔二季作区、低海拔二季作区的马铃薯全程机械化生产作业。

　　机械化种植模式分为双行错窝垄作或单行垄作。双行错窝垄作，种薯位置呈“品”字型排列；单行垄作，种薯位置位于垄中心线，呈直线排列。
 
　　高海拔一季作区宜采用单行垄作，中海拔二季作区和低海拔二季作区宜采用双行错窝垄作。各地种植垄距和播种密度应符合表2的要求。
 
　　表2种植垄距和播种密度
 

　　作业机具轮距与种植垄距相匹配，播种机作业深度应符合当地农艺要求，播种深度在 10cm～15cm 为宜，垄高 20cm～30cm。播种时，苗带应呈直线形，覆土均匀严实，深浅一致。单行垄作种植模式垄顶宽不低于 30cm，双行错窝垄作种植模式垄顶宽不低于 40cm，小行距 20cm～24cm。
 
　　种肥同施时，肥料应施在种薯正下方或侧下方，与种薯相隔 5cm 以上，肥条均匀连续。机具作业符合GB/T 25417 的规定。
 
　　植保机械选择及作业质量：植保机械应与田块大小、病害发生情况相匹配。可选用喷杆喷雾机、遥控飞行喷雾机、动力喷雾机。植保作业应符合NY/T 650 的规定。
 
　　杀秧：
 
　　收获前 2d～3d 适时杀秧，控制适宜的留茬高度，保持垄形完整。
 
　　杀秧机作业质量应符合NY/T 2706 的规定。
 
　　收获：
 
　　高海拔一季作区宜在 7 月下旬～9 月中下旬完成收获；中海拔二季作区春播马铃薯一般在 6 月下旬～8 月中下旬完成收获，秋播马铃薯一般在 12 月底前完成收获；低海拔二季作区秋播马铃薯一般在 12 月～翌年 1 月初完成收获，冬播马铃薯一般在 2 月中上旬～5 月中旬完成收获。
 
　　根据品种特性、田块大小、土壤质量选择适宜的拖拉机和收获机。机具轮距与垄距的差值小于10cm。
 
　　马铃薯收获机工作幅宽应比马铃薯种植行距宽20cm～30cm或大于马铃薯生长宽度两边各10cm以上，挖掘深度应比马铃薯种植深度深 10cm 以上。
 
　　马铃薯收获机械的作业质量应符合 NY/T 2464 的规定。
 
　　可点击下方下载完整标准文件。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
相关资料下载：

DB51T2885-2022FDIS.pdf

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