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江苏省《DB32/T 4259-2021植保无人机安全作业技术规范》解读

2022-05-20 08:50:32 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：42570 评论

导读：　为了让植保新手能够更安全地、更高效地完成飞防作业，全国各地近年来推行并实施了有关技术规范。此文主要介绍江苏省现行的《DB32/T 4259-2021植保无人机安全作业技术规范》这一标准。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】据统计，中国病虫草害年均发生面积在55亿亩次左右，传统农业植保大多以人工背负式与喷杆式喷洒农药为主。人工植保的缺点在于作业效率低、农业有效利用率低、劳动强度大、安全性低，而无人机农业植保效率和经济性显著，是农业现代化的突破口。

　　为了让植保新手能够更安全地、更高效地完成飞防作业，全国各地近年来推行并实施了有关技术规范。此文主要介绍江苏省现行的《DB32/T 4259-2021植保无人机安全作业技术规范》这一标准。
 
　　《DB32/T 4259-2021植保无人机安全作业技术规范》由江苏省农业农村厅提出，由江苏省农业机械标准化专业技术委员会归口，由江苏省农业机械试验鉴定站、苏州极目机器人科技有限公司、南京赛姆认证科技发展有限公司、南京林业大学起草。于2021年12月31日由江苏省市场监督管理局批准发布，于2022年1月31日实施。
 
　　该标准规定了植保无人机安全作业的基本要求、作业前准备、施药作业和维护保养。本文件适用于植保无人机的安全作业。
 
　　施药作业——
 
　　安全操作流程：
 
　　确认各项准备工作已完成，机具技术状态良好，按设定的作业模式开始作业。
 
　　起飞施药后，应关注飞行路径、飞行姿态、速度、高度、喷洒雾型等状态，防止出现失速、偏离航线、漂移等异常情况。
 
　　作业时宜选择自主模式，减少使用手动模式。使用自主模式时，操作人员应保持对植保无人机的关注，不得从事与作业无关的事情，禁止操作人员双手脱离遥控器或操控设备。使用手动模式时，禁止关闭避障功能。
 
　　当对不规则区域采用手动控制时，植保无人机应处于目视视距内，操作人员应准确控制减速时点和速度，防止植保无人机飞出作业区，发生意外。
 
　　作业期间遇到突发紧急情况应优先采用制动或悬停操作，不宜盲目进行拉升、降低植保无人机高度或转向等操作。
 
　　植保无人机起飞降落、作业飞行时，操作人员、辅助人员等现场人员与无人机始终保持 15 米以上的安全距离或参照厂家使用说明书规定的安全距离。
 
　　植保无人机作业期间发出更换电池的警报后，操作人员应及时停飞，更换电池。
 
　　植保无人机在作业时发生事故，操作人员应：
 
　　——立即停止作业，保护现场；
 
　　——造成人员伤害的，及时采取措施，抢救受伤人员，并向事故发生地农业机械化主管部门报告；
 
　　——造成人员死亡的，还应向事故发生地公安机关等报案。
 
　　作业防护：
 
　　药液不慎进入眼睛、皮肤等应尽快用大量清水冲洗。
 
　　施药作业时，操作人员应处于上风口，并且注意下风口是否有人员、作物、财产等易受作业影响的情况。
 
　　喷洒易产生药害的农药如除草剂或高毒农药，应至少留有 15 m 的间隔带或采取有效措施，否则禁止作业。
 
　　无关人员不得进入作业区，否则应立即停止作业。
 
　　停机检查：
 
　　喷洒不同类型药剂需停飞，彻底清洗药箱及管路后再换装药液。
 
　　植保无人机使用过程中如需检查调试机具，应关闭电源、断开电池或动力系统连接后方可实施。
 
　　应在空旷场所检查调试机具，严禁在人员和交通密集场所及其附近检查调试植保无人机。
 
　　作业记录：
 
　　植保无人机作业应有必要的飞行作业记录，记录方式可为人工记录、本机数据记录、企业或管理部门远程监管平台记录等。
 
　　作业负责人按植保作业班次填写记录表，表中至少有以下内容(可参考附录 A )：
 
　　——机型、编号；
 
　　——服务对象的名称和地址；
 
　　——服务日期、作业时间、气象条件：
 
　　——作物种类、作业面积、防治对象和用药情况；
 
　　——故障发生与处理情况；
 
　　——所有作业人员名单、作业负责人和操作人员的联系方式。
 
　　想了解详细内容，可点击下方下载标准完整文本。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：全国地方标准信息平台。
 
相关资料下载：

DB32T4259-2021FDIS.pdf

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上一篇： 江西省《植保无人机防治水稻病虫草害操作技术规程》解读

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