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宁夏：DB64/T 1851-2022《农用植保无人机田间作业流程规范》解读

2024-05-10 13:25:18 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：31037 评论

导读：该标准规定了农用植保无人机的作业要求、作业前准备、现场作业、作业后维护。适用于农用植保无人机开展农作物病虫草害施药作业。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2022年12月6日，宁夏回族自治区市场监督管理厅批准发布DB64/T 1851-2022《农用植保无人机田间作业流程规范》，该标准由宁夏回族自治区农业农村厅提出、归口并实施，由宁夏绿先锋农业机械化服务有限公司、宁夏回族自治区农业技术推广总站、宁夏农业机械化技术推广站、灵武市农业技术推广服务中心、宁夏回族自治区原种场起草。该标准自2023年3月6日起实施。

　　（图片来源：千图网）
 
        该标准规定了农用植保无人机的作业要求、作业前准备、现场作业、作业后维护。适用于农用植保无人机开展农作物病虫草害施药作业。
 
　　作业要求——
 
　　基本要求：
 
　　农用植保无人机应符合 NY/T 3213 的规定。
 
　　农用植保无人机应在气温 5 ºC～35 ºC，平均风力 2 级(含)以下的条件下作业。
 
　　不应在雨、雾、雷等恶劣天气下作业。
 
　　操控员应配备符合国家相关标准的防护设备。
 
　　作业前须配齐操控员与辅助作业人员，才可进行相关作业。
 
　　作业前要实地勘察，掌握作业区地形、道路、障碍物等情况，充分考虑人员安全、机具安全、
 
　　环境安全及公共安全。
 
　　作业前设置隔离带，摆放禁止入内警示标志，与作业无关人员不得进入作业现场。
 
　　国家规定的禁飞区域及机场净空区、人口稠密区和重点地区上空不得使用农用植保无人机飞行作业。
 
　　运行的农用植保无人机应使用电子围栏。
 
　　对操控员要求：
 
　　操控员应经过相关专业机构的培训，持有相关部门颁发的相应证照。
 
　　操控员应了解当地作业要求，正确配制药剂。
 
　　操控员不应在过度疲劳或出现身体不适的情况下操控农用植保无人机。
 
　　饮用任何含酒精的液体和服用国家管制的精神或者麻醉药品者不应操控农用植保无人机。
 
　　对农药过敏或患有妨碍安全操作疾病者不应操控农用植保无人机。
 
　　皮肤损伤未愈者及哺乳期妇女、孕妇不应操控农用植保无人机。
 
　　对辅助作业人员要求：
 
　　辅助作业人员在作业前应完成包括作业区勘察等工作。
 
　　辅助作业人员应掌握安全处理农药的知识和正确处理使用过农药容器的技能。
 
　　辅助作业人员应掌握人体中毒后的主要症状，以及应当采取的紧急措施。
 
　　辅助作业人员应在作业后及时做好喷洒记录。
 
　　操作准备——
 
　　准备作业方案：
 
　　作业前制订作业计划，必要时应向国家有关管理部门进行申报、申请或登记。
 
　　作业前制定应急预案，其中包括紧急事故的应急处理程序，农药泄露、农用植保无人机故障、
 
　　失控及坠落的应对措施，紧急备降地点选择等内容。
 
　　作业前根据被服务对象提供的地块地理信息精确划定作业区域。
 
　　作业前确定能否作业。应按附录 A 执行。
 
　　根据作业任务，确定农用植保无人机作业高度、速度、喷幅宽度、喷雾量等参数。
 
　　根据药液，选择喷头调整流量，使喷雾雾滴符合喷洒要求。
 
　　根据田间病虫害发生情况，确定施药适期，制定防治方案。
 
　　准备农用植保无人机：
 
　　按照使用技术要求，对农用植保无人机进行安全检查，确保其设备齐全完整。
 
　　确保农用植保无人机各部件稳固，可正常操作。
 
　　确保农用植保无人机电力充足，能连续作业。
 
　　准备农药：
 
　　选择的农药应是经过农药管理部门登记的合格产品、并在农药的使用有效期内。
 
　　农药品种的选择应符合 GB/T 25415-2010 的要求，并按药液量的 0.3%～0.5%添加专用助剂。
 
　　根据作业要求，按照产品使用说明书正确配制农药。
 
　　农药的使用以减量控害增效为原则，符合 GB/T 8321、NY 608 和中华人民共和国国务院令第677号的要求。
 
　　现场作业：
 
　　无人机作业时飞行速度宜在 4-6 m/s，匀速飞行，作业高度宜在作物冠层上方 2-3.5 m，原则上最高不超过植物冠层 3.5 m。药箱载液量≤20L 时，设置飞行速度 4-6 m/s, 设置飞行高度在作物冠层上方 2-2.5 m；20 L<药箱载液量≤40 L 时，设置飞行速度 5-6 m/s，设置飞行高度在作物冠层上方2.5-3.5m。也可按照农用植保无人机使用说明书的规定选择合适的作业速度和高度。
 
　　作业区域在公路、铁路周边时，应沿平行于公路、铁路方向飞行作业，铁路和高速公路两侧 300m范围内禁止飞行作业，省级以上公路两侧 50 m 范围内禁止飞行，高铁 500 m 以上，周边或作业区域间隔 150m 内有敏感农作物的区域不应飞行。
 
　　同一区域或田块有两架或两架以上农用植保无人机作业时，应保持大于等于 15 m 的安全作业距离。
 
　　作业过程中，操控员和辅助作业人员应与农用植保无人机保持 15 m 以上安全距离。
 
　　作业时配备操作台，辅助作业人员要及时通过操作台了解作业状况。
 
　　作业时操控员不得双手脱离遥控器或操控设备。
 
　　作业时所有作业人员不得吸烟、饮水和进食， 所有作业人员应置身于施药上风向处。
 
　　作业时农用植保无人机出现异响、操控失准、失灵、飞行数据异常等情况，应立即终止作业，
 
　　返航迫降，进行自查或维护。
 
　　作业结束后，做好作业情况记录，建立农药使用记录，结果记入附录 B，并归档保存。
 
　　作业结束后，做好农用植保无人机转场、更换电池、加注燃料和加药等工作。
 
　　作业结束后，在施药区域设置警示标志，告知人员、家畜等不应进入的时间。
 

       点击下方资料，查看完整文本。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
相关资料下载：

DB64 1851-2022 农用植保无人机田间作业技术规程.pdf

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