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安徽省《DB34/T 4195-2022植保无人飞机防治小麦赤霉病施药技术规程》解读

2022-08-22 13:37:43 来源：农机网整理 阅读量：34633 评论

导读：本标准规定了植保无人飞机防治小麦赤霉病的植保无人飞机选择、作业人员、药剂选择、施药技术、安全事项、作业质量评估和作业档案，该标准适用于使用植保无人飞机施药防治小麦赤霉病。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】小麦赤霉病是一种真菌性病害，主要发生在麦穗上，造成整穗或部分小穗腐烂。多雨和潮湿天气下，病穗会产生粉红色霉状物，它会造成小麦枯白穗，降低千粒重，影响产量，且赤霉病的病菌分泌出来的毒素还对人体有害。
 
　　2022年6月29日，安徽省市场监督管理局批准发布了《DB34/T 4195-2022植保无人飞机防治小麦赤霉病施药技术规程》。本标准由安徽省植物保护总站提出，由安徽省农业农村厅归口，由安徽省植物保护总站、宿州市植检植保站、阜阳市农业技术推广中心、阜阳市颍州区农业技术推广中心、太和县植保植检站、凤台县植保植检站、宿州市埇桥区永镇乡农业综合服务中心、泗县农业综合行政执法大队、宿松县植检植保站、淮南市农业技术推广中心起草。自2022年7月29日开始实施。


 

　　本标准规定了植保无人飞机防治小麦赤霉病的植保无人飞机选择、作业人员、药剂选择、施药技术、安全事项、作业质量评估和作业档案，该标准适用于使用植保无人飞机施药防治小麦赤霉病。
 
　　【安全事项】
 
　　作业环境——
 
　　要求如下：
 
　　a)国家有规定的禁飞区域禁止飞行；
 
　　b)施药场所应备有足够的净水、清洗剂、毛巾、急救药品及必要的修理工具；
 
　　c)作业区块及周边应有适合农业植保无人机起落的场地和飞行航线；
 
　　d)考察作业区块附近建筑物、树木，以及作业区内的电线杆、斜拉线等，合理规划航线并对于可能发生的事故进评估，制定预防措施；
 
　　e)临近居民区域施药应提前向周边居民告知作业时间，同时在施药区域边缘设有明显的警告牌或警戒线；
 
　　f)应与其他作物预留至少 30 m 宽的隔离带；作业区 50 m 范围内有种植蔬菜、果树等作物，
 
　　200 m 范围内有鱼塘、养蜂场、养蚕区，应避免喷施敏感药剂；
 
　　g)作业人员应在距地面 1.5 m～2.0 m 的高度测量风向和风速，记录并判断是否适合无人飞机操作(风力大于3级时禁止作业)；作业过程中当风力超过 3 级时，机手应将无人机返回起降点停止作业，当风速减缓后再进行作业。
 
　　作业中：作业人员在作业过程中应全程佩戴安全帽、口罩、防护眼镜等个人防护装备，禁止吸烟及饮食。避免逆风前行喷洒农药，严禁在施药区穿行，农药喷溅到身体上要立即清洗，并更换干净衣物。
 
　　作业后：作业结束后，应及时收回警告牌或警戒线，并在作业地块树立警示标志，标明药剂类型、施药时间、安全间隔期等。工作人员要及时清洗身体，更换干净衣物，且施药期间使用的衣物应和其他衣物分开清洗。及时清洗植保无人飞机。
 
　　作业质量评估
 
　　DB34/T 4195—2022
 
　　检测点设置：在作业区内棋盘式十点取样，每点均匀间隔选取5株。每株在其冠层、冠层三分之二处两层设置测试纸取样点。测试纸模拟叶片状态，根据叶片夹角方向放置，采样面朝上。
 
　　检测方法：喷药后收回测试纸，以5倍～10倍手持放大镜观察，或使用雾滴分析仪进行分析，读取每一个纸卡上的雾滴数量，计算平均每平方厘米的雾滴数。可以采用雾滴测试卡、水敏纸、氧化镁熏蒸载玻片等进行监测。
 
　　结果判定
 
　　作物冠层雾滴覆盖密度：内吸型药剂，应不低于15个/cm2，非内吸性药剂应不低于20个/cm2。
 
　　雾滴粒径：应控制在 80 μm～120 μm，且变异系数 ≤ 70%。
 
　　作业档案：作业结束后应认真填写植保无人飞机作业田间喷雾记录及用药档案记录，档案记录表必须要在施药当天完成。
 
　　点击下方下载完整标准文本。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 
相关资料下载：

DB34T4195-2022FDIS.pdf

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上一篇： 安徽省《DB34/T 3663-2020植保无人飞机农田施药作业技术规范》解读

下一篇：辽宁省《DB21/T 3501—2021设施农业热力烟雾机高效施药技术规范》解读

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