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廊坊市：DB1310/T 320-2023《夏播玉米植保无人机防治病虫害技术规范》

2024-05-09 11:31:22 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：26781 评论

导读：规定了夏播玉米植保无人机防治病虫害技术的术语和定义、主要病虫害及防治时间、一般要求、作业前准备和防治作业等基本要求。适用于植保无人机防治夏播玉米病虫害的施药作业的技术流程。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2023年12月26日，廊坊市市场监督管理局批准发布DB1310/T 320-2023《夏播玉米植保无人机防治病虫害技术规范》，该标准由廊坊市农业农村局提出，由三河金鸿农机服务有限公司、三河市农业农村局起草，该标准自2024年1月26日开始实施。
 
(图片来源：千图网)
 
　　规定了夏播玉米植保无人机防治病虫害技术的术语和定义、主要病虫害及防治时间、一般要求、作业前准备和防治作业等基本要求。适用于植保无人机防治夏播玉米病虫害的施药作业的技术流程。
 
　　一般要求——
 
　　植保方针和防治理念：遵循“预防为主，综合防治”的植保方针，贯彻“公共植保、绿色植保、科学植保”的防治理念。
 
　　植保无人机的要求：采用旋翼无人飞机进行防治作业，植保无人飞机应符合NY/T 3213的规定，维护良好，安全可靠，可以正常作业。
 
　　环境要求：土地平坦，飞防作业时的温度不超过30 ℃，最大风速不超过3m/s，上午10：00前和下午16:00后较佳，避免高温作业。应关注天气预报，在12h内无降雨的情况下进行施药作业。喷药后两小时遇雨，进行补喷。
 
　　作业人员要求：植保无人飞机防治作业时至少2人，其中至少1人负责观察周围环境变化，至少1人负责观察及操作无人机。作业人员应持有植保无人机操作资格证书，具备基本的玉米植保知识，掌握施药剂量、施药技术和操作方法，同时需要具备应急处理能力。
 
　　农药使用要求——
 
　　施用农药的种类及数量
 
　　选用生物药剂及对路药剂进行防治，优先选用微生物源农药和植物源农药、矿物源农药，有限制地使用高效、低毒、低残留的化学农药，选用农药应符合GB/T 8321.10的规定。在药液中宜添加植物油类、有机硅类和聚合物类的沉降剂、抗蒸发剂等航空植保助剂。因农药种类繁多，需经过试验或按照用药说明确定用药量。若没有经过混合使用试验，在同一地块只能选择一种杀虫剂和一种杀菌剂。
 
　　配置方法：配置农药时注意，不应直接把药倒进无人机药壶，应采用二次稀释法。
 
　　作业前准备——
 
　　前期调查：喷药前每周两次对田间玉米病虫害发生情况调査，根据病虫测报数据对玉米病虫害发生的面积、密度、虫龄、天敌、危害程度等情况，并根据农药使用说明书，确定施药浓度和用量，注意避开敏感区域，绘制作业区域图，作为制定飞防计划的依据。
 
　　隔离带设置：在人居环境、鱼虾养殖基地、牲畜饲养地、蔬菜种植基地以及任何环境敏感场所进行无人机作业前，应设立施药隔离带，隔离带宽度应大于100 m。
 
　　作业区设计：认真规划作业区，根据作业区域图在作业地块周围做好明显标记，明确作业区域；标记作业地块内及周边障碍物或特殊区域。
 
　　飞行路线和作业方法：与无人机操作技术员进行沟通，根据实际作业地块的特点及植保无人机作业喷幅采用经济合理的飞行路线和作业方法。
 
　　起落点选择：选择空旷、地势平坦的区域作为起落点。
 
　　作业公告：作业现场应张贴喷雾作业公告，内容包括：作业时间、作业区域、防治目标、喷施机型、喷施药剂的剂型与种类、作业方式、警告事项等。
 
　　试喷作业：作业前用清水进行试喷，检查和校准喷头流量及喷洒检测装置，确定植保无人飞机喷雾作业状态良好。
 
　　防治作业——
 
　　作业前检查：
 
　　在加药前，装药员应认真检查药箱，确保药箱内无药物残留，不应使用装过除草剂的药箱，在加药物时，应避免杂物混入药中以免影响药效。
 
　　确定喷洒技术参数：
 
　　植保无人机作业高度宜设置为1 m～1.5 m、速度3 m/s～5 m/s，建议添加植保无人机飞防喷雾助剂。
 
　　施药作业：
 
　　选择最佳防治时期，在选定地块进行植保无人机精准施药作业。严格执行防治作业要求，喷洒均匀，不重喷，不漏喷，不留死角。垂直飞行要远离障碍物10m以上，平行飞行要远离障碍物5m以上。飞机飞行时要离操作手10 m以上距离，机头不要正对自己或其他人。
 
　　查看飞行轨迹及流量数据，并进行施药作业记录。
 
　　作业结束后，应及时查看飞行轨迹及喷雾流量数据，填写《植保无人机施药作业记录表》(参见附录A)。若发现明显漏喷区域，应及时补喷；若发现明显重喷区域，应定期观察，及时采取补救措施。
 
　　作业后清理——
 
　　飞防作业结束后，应清理装药场和清洗喷洒装置。农药包装废弃物进行统一回收处理。
 
　　警示标记：
 
　　在作业结束后，应对施药区域进行警示标记，严禁人畜靠近。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。

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