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河南省《DB41/T 1969-2020小麦机械化收获扬尘污染防治技术规范》解读

2022-05-26 14:47:58 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：30613 评论

导读：干过农活的人都知道，收割机收麦时，扬起的秸秆粉尘会导致空气污染。因此，制定并实施小麦收割机扬尘污染防治的技术规范十分有必要。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】干过农活的人都知道，收割机收麦时，扬起的秸秆粉尘会导致空气污染。因此，制定并实施小麦收割机扬尘污染防治的技术规范十分有必要。

 

　　河南省《DB41/T 1969-2020小麦机械化收获扬尘污染防治技术规范》由河南省生态环境厅提出并归口，由河南省农业科学院、漯河市农机推广服务中心共同起草。于2020年7月23日由河南省市场监督管理局批准发布，于2020年10月23日开始实施。
 
　　该标准规定了小麦机械化收获扬尘污染防治的要求和措施。本标准适用于小麦机械化收获过程中扬尘污染防治。
 
　　【防治要求】
 
　　基本要求：小麦联合收割机在田间收获作业时，应采用综合降尘抑尘措施，有效降低小麦机械化收获扬尘。小麦机械化收获作业时，在收割机周围 20 m 范围以外无明显扬尘扩散。降尘抑尘功能的相关部件规格不应超出该机械产品已审定的申报系统产品参数所允许的范围。具有降尘抑尘功能的小麦联合收割机的安全技术要求与条件应符合 GB 10395.1 和 GB 16151.12的规定。推荐使用半喂入式小麦联合收割机。
 
　　作业要求——
 
　　小麦机械化收获作业前，应检查收割机的降尘抑尘相关装置，确保各部件正常运行。
 
　　小麦机械化收获宜在小麦完熟初期尽早收获。
 
　　提前规划作业路线，清除影响收割作业的障碍物，减少机械在大田内无效作业和碾压。
 
　　小麦产量高或土壤湿度低时，调大脱粒滚筒间隙，降低行进速度。
 
　　小麦籽粒含水率较低时，适当降低拨禾轮转速。
 
　　小麦机械化收获作业的安全操作事项应符合NY 2610的规定，作业质量应符合NY/T 995的规定。
 
　　【防治措施】
 
　　割台部位——
 
　　割台部位降尘抑尘措施可采用割台挡板的方法，并应符合下列要求：
 
　　挡板宜采用钢板制成，安装于过桥口上方；
 
　　挡板宽度和长度视收割机过桥和割台尺寸而定，不应遮挡驾驶员观察割台视线；
 
　　挡板应安装牢靠，不应因震动而松脱、损坏。
 
　　在联合收割机过桥下方加装二次割刀。二次割刀安装高度应符合麦茬留茬高度要求。
 
 
　　排草口部位——
 
　　排草口可选择配置围挡降尘装置，并应符合下列要求：
 
　　秸秆粉碎机风嘴末端配置导向板，导向板向下倾斜，导向板长度和倾斜角度以不堵塞排草口、不引起地面二次扬尘为宜；
 
　　导向板上覆盖软质材料制成的围挡。围挡材质应具备防火、耐磨、抗老化、抗撕裂等特性；
 
　　排草口围挡为开放性围挡，围挡下垂高度以不堵塞排草口、不影响收割机行驶为宜。
 
　　排草口可选择配置秸秆打捆装置，并应符合下列要求：
 
　　秸秆打捆装置的安全要求应符合 GB/T 10395.20 的规定；
 
　　秸秆压缩打捆速度与秸秆排出速度相匹配，防止秸秆淤积。
 
　　排杂口部位——
 
　　排杂口可选择配置围挡降尘装置，并应符合下列要求：
 
　　围挡材质按照 5.2.1 b)的规定执行；
 
　　围挡降尘装置距地面高度以不堵塞排杂口、不影响籽粒清选效率为宜；
 
　　围挡可采用拉链或其他形式方便打开，以利于排杂口的检修作业。
 
　　排杂口可选择配置喷雾降尘装置，并应符合下列要求：
 
　　雾化喷嘴安装于排杂口后方，离地面高度不低于 0.5 m；水雾成锥形向排杂口喷射，喷射方向与收割机前进方向保持一致；
 
　　储水箱应具有重量轻、抗老化、抗冲击等特性，储水箱的额定容量应能连续工作 4 h 以上。加水口直径宜不小于 20 cm，并应配备过滤网和密封盖；
 
　　储水箱应安装牢固，固定位置与高度应不能妨碍操作、影响安全性能；
 
　　电源电路和电气部件的安全应符合 GB 10395.7 和 JB/T 5117 的规定；
 
　　喷雾降尘装置开关应设置在驾驶室，开关自如。
 
　　降尘抑尘措施的选择：可根据收割机本身特点及扬尘产生情况，选择单个降尘抑尘措施或组合措施。当空气湿度和秸秆湿度均较低时，宜选择组合降尘抑尘措施。针对无封闭驾驶舱的小麦联合收割机，宜选择 5.1 割台降尘抑尘措施。
 
　　想了解详细内容，可点击下方下载标准完整文本。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：全国地方标准信息平台。
相关资料下载：

DB41T 1969-2020FDIS.pdf

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