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陕西省DB61/T 1652-2023《小麦机械化宽幅沟播技术规范》解读

2023-06-08 14:13:44 来源:农机网整理发布 阅读量:21953 评论

导读:该标准规定了小麦机械化宽幅沟播技术作业前准备、作业质量要求和作业质量控制的要求。适用于免(少)耕条件下小麦机械化宽幅沟播。

  【农机网 政策与标准】2023年3月15日,陕西省市场监督管理局批准发布DB61/T 1652-2023《小麦机械化宽幅沟播技术规范》,该地方标准自2023年4月15日开始实施。
 
  该地方标准由陕西省农业农村厅提出并归口,由西北农林科技大学、陕西省农业机械化发展中心、陕西省农业机械鉴定推广总站、宝鸡市农业机械化发展中心、渭南市农业机械化发展中心、西安亚澳农机股份有限公司、武功秦牛农机科技有限公司、西安户县双永农具制造有限公司起草。
 

  该标准规定了小麦机械化宽幅沟播技术作业前准备、作业质量要求和作业质量控制的要求。适用于免(少)耕条件下小麦机械化宽幅沟播。
 
  【作业前准备】
 
  人员机具:
 
  操作人员应经过专业培训并取得相应资格。
 
  操作人员严禁在酒后或身体过度疲劳状态下操作机具。
 
  机具性能应满足安全和生产技术要求,技术状态良好。
 
  配套动力应依据使用说明书选配。对土质较硬的粘土地按动力上限配备拖拉机,优先选用四轮驱动拖拉机。
 
  作业前应根据当地农艺要求进行调试并试播。
 
  种子:
 
  根据农艺要求选用半冬性、分蘖好、抗逆性好的品种,种子质量应符合 GB 4404.1 的要求。
 
  选用包衣种子,包衣质量应符合 GB 15671 的要求。
 
  化肥:
 
  根据产量目标和土壤肥力等确定施肥方案,推荐施用小麦专用肥。
 
  化肥施用应符合 NY/T 496 的要求。
 
  地表条件:
 
  在秸秆粉碎均匀抛撒或秸秆捡拾打捆条件下,粉碎长度合格率≥85%,抛撒不均匀率≤20%。
 
  在深松作业条件下,深松整地作业质量应满足深松深度稳定性≥85%,邻接行距合格率≥80%,无漏耕,碎土率≥30%(驱动式≥60%),耕后地表平速度≤4cm。
 
  土壤含水率为10%-25%。
 
  作业质量要求:
 
  根据当地农艺要求,适时播种,沟内苗带宽度达到8cm以上。
 
  亩播种量较条播增加1.5kg-2.0kg,适播期后每推迟2d-3d,亩播种量增加0.5kg-0.6kg;种肥间距5cm-6cm。
 
  适墒情况下播种深度为3cm-5cm,沙土地肎深,粘土地宜浅;墒情差宜深,墒情好宜浅。土壤墒情好适当减小镇压强度,反之适当增大镇压强度。小麦宽幅沟播质量要求应符合表1的规定。

  【作业质量控制】
 
  作业质量测试方法:作业质量测试方法应符合NY/T 1411—2007中规定的检测方法,见附录A。
 
  机具管理:为了保证作业质量,机具应保持良好的技术状态。每次作业结束后,将机器内外尘土、污垢、种子、化肥等杂物清理干净。保管期间,将机具放置在干燥的库房,有条件时将机具架空,并盖上油布,以免机具受潮、曝晒和被雨淋;为防止零件变形,应尽量卸除零件的受力,如放松弹簧、支起机架等;轮胎、传送带等橡胶制品应避免长期紫外线照射、承载和变形。
 
 
  注:本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布,资料来源:地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 
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