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最高省 50% 人工成本，大疆无人机为山地果园降本增效

2021-07-07 10:21:07 来源：DJI大疆农业 阅读量：15193 评论

导读：　随着种植规模不断扩大，赣南地区脐橙园的管理方式也在变化，从人工到机械，从地面到天空，无人机正在飞入一片片果园，为其管理降本增效。

　　【农机网 明星企业】 “我父亲种脐橙快 30 年了，从 1994 年的 60 亩，到如今的 10000 亩，都是我父亲和他几个兄弟，一点点打拼出来的。”
 
　　来自江西省赣州市宁都县的刘森亮，自豪地介绍自家果园。在赣州，脐橙种植户已超 20 万，是非常普遍的种植选择。
 
　　潜力巨大，果树飞防日渐兴起
 
　　自上个世纪 70 年代从美国引进第一棵脐橙树起，经历近 50 年的发展，赣州已经成为了大面积种植脐橙的地区，年产量达到 150 万吨。
 
　　随着种植规模不断扩大，赣南地区脐橙园的管理方式也在变化，从人工到机械，从地面到天空，无人机正在飞入一片片果园，为其管理降本增效。

大疆 T30 正为脐橙园作业
 
　　成本减半，无人机高效服务果园
 
　　2020 年 8 月，26 岁的刘森亮考取了大疆植保无人机飞行证书，父亲特地划出了 350 亩山地果园，让从前只负责销售的他，从飞机打药开始，尝试管理果园。

刘森亮使用 T20 在山地果园作业
 
　　地址：江西省赣州市宁都县竹笮乡大富村
 
　　“打药是果园管理重要的一环。之前我父亲雇长期工，像坡度较大的 350 亩果园，完整打一次药需要 10 个人费 12 天，支付人工工资 15000 元甚至更高。”

　　面对日益严重的农村人口空心化现象，“面积稍大点的果园，一打药就开始愁找人。”刘森亮说：“我们选无人机，也是看中了它省人工，效率高，灵活性强，夜间也可以作业，能够为雨季病虫害防治抢天时。”
 
　　350 亩山地果园单次喷药成本
 
 

 

无人机可为果园节省50%人工成本
 
各区域情况不同，以上数据仅供参考
 
　　除此之外，刘森亮在投入成本上，也算了一笔账。人工打药需要先在地下埋入药管，不仅增加支出，也增加了人工作业的不确定性。

果园药管，通常埋在地下
 
　　比如在打药过程中，可能会因为压力泵压力过大造成药管炸裂，整个果园被迫停工；冬天采完果，果园要扩穴施冬肥，一不注意就会挖断药管，补修也费事。

“购买或租赁无人机的费用，比铺设管道更划算。并且无人机有保险，操作简单，维护省心。”刘森亮说。
 
　　防治红蜘蛛，省药30%
 
　　2020 年 9 月，刘森亮用一台 T20 顺利完成了 350 亩果园的植保，看到了 T20 在防治木虱、青虫、潜叶蛾几种虫害上的效果。刘森亮信心大增，于是在 2021 年初，他又购买了一台 T30，开始用 2 台大疆植保机，共同管理果园。

2台植保机为果园作业
 
　　截至 2021 年 7 月初，刘森亮管理的果园共打药 10 次，用大疆植保无人机飞防作业 8 次，人工打波尔多液 1 次，人工打砂皮病 1 次。
 
　　“无人机是人工良好的替代品，比如 6 月 7 月比较难打的红蜘蛛和溃疡病，无人机防治效果很好，打药也比人工快。”刘森亮说。

白色药液均匀覆盖在中下层小果上
 
T20 脐橙作业参数

 

各区域情况不同，以上数据仅供参考
 
　　红蜘蛛是令所有柑橘种植者非常头疼的虫害。它们吸食叶片，嫩梢，幼果的汁液，从而留下病斑或者造成坏果。红蜘蛛繁殖速度极快，又因为长在叶片背面，很难被杀死。
 
　　“人工打红蜘蛛，为了达到防治效果，会把树从上到下浇透，用药量和用水量很大，也会有一定的药液浪费和土壤污染。”刘森亮说。
 
T30 脐橙作业参数

 

各区域情况不同，以上数据仅供参考
 
　　“无人机作业时，我们建议避开高温天气，飞行时速度一定要慢，亩用量可以增大，让药液均匀地喷洒在随着风场翻转的树叶上，这样可以提高药液利用率，节水省药。”刘森亮补充道。
 

白色药液覆盖在果叶背面
 
　　目前，刘森亮用无人机照管的园子挂果均匀，果皮光滑无病斑，在用药量上，也比人工减少了近 30%。

无人机飞防后的果树情况，挂果均匀，无病斑
 
　　在无人机果园管理上，刘森亮也有自己的想法。
 
　　比如修剪果树，需要配合无人机来修剪，以便更好地让无人机打透果树。

　　考虑到用药的特殊性，也不能完全放弃人工。“比如波尔多液沉淀很快，无人机暂时达不到这样的效果，我们还是会考虑人工喷药，但次数很少。”
 
　　通过 350 亩果园的飞防管理，刘森亮认为，无人机加上少部分人工管理，既可以降低成本，提高效率，更能保障果园健康。
 
　　如今，越来越多像刘森亮这样的果农使用植保无人机，高效便捷地管理果园，为当地果业的蓬勃发展添上一双新的翅膀。

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