农机补短板,农业焕新机——探索农业机械化改革的“宁德实践”,水稻生产机械化-农机网
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地点: 石家庄市
开展时间: 2024-09-27
举办单位: 北京鼎成创赢国际展览有限公司
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地点: 国外
开展时间: 2024-10-09
举办单位: 新加坡Fireworks展览集团
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地点: 宁波市
开展时间: 2024-10-11
举办单位: 上海易盛展览服务有限公司
农机补短板,农业焕新机——探索农业机械化改革的“宁德实践”
2024-09-04
08:53:47
来源:福建省宁德市农业机械化发展中心 阅读量:12337
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导读:2023年,宁德市水稻耕种收综合机械化率由2020年的70.99%提升到77.92%,增速高于全省平均2.43个百分点。
【农机网 地方农机】 农业的根本出路在于机械化。为深入贯彻落实习近平总书记“大力推进农业机械化、智能化”重要论述精神,近年来,福建省宁德市农业农村局持续深化农机改革,以“抓政策定基调、抓装备促转型、抓服务提效能”为工作主线,创新工作举措,提高机械化水平,有效降低粮农生产成本,助力解决农业劳动力紧缺、土地撂荒等问题,为农业现代化提供有力支撑。2023年,全市水稻耕种收综合机械化率由2020年的70.99%提升到77.92%,增速高于全省平均2.43个百分点。蕉城区获评全国“平安农机”示范县,2人入选全国农机使用一线“土专家”。全市近三年内未发生在国家等级公路以外的农机事故,农机安全生产形势总体平稳向好。
一、创新情况
(一)抓政策定基调,让“良方”配“良田”。以提高主要农作物特别是水稻生产机械化水平为中心,落实各项惠农政策,推动农业生产“农”墨重彩、“机”遇无限。一是出台硬核措施。坚决扛起粮食安全生产主体责任,推动出台全省首个《宁德市进一步加强粮食安全生产七条措施》并延续至今,其中专门针对粮食机械化提出:鼓励农户购置粮食生产机械,在农机购置补贴政策的基础上累加补贴20%;鼓励服务组织开展农机社会化服务,对水稻机插机收县级财政补贴每亩30元的作业费用。二是推动便民利民。推广农机购置补贴申报APP,补贴申领的审批、核验、发放全面公开,确保惠农政策落地落实。近三年来,全市手机APP办理农机购置补贴12683笔3110万元,受益农户达9973户。开展“送检下乡”,全市共组织农机检验人员深入乡镇为农民年检农业机械3139台(套),确保农机“保健”有质量。三是做好特色保障。创新开展“我在宁德有亩田”活动,鼓励农机专业合作社积极承接该活动的代耕、代种、代插、代防、代收、代烘等社会化服务,有效解决抛荒土地的复耕复种问题,相关经验做法在《新华社》《人民日报》等主流媒体刊发推广。
(二)抓装备促转型,让“良机”配“良田”。以实施农机装备补短板行动为关键,按照“市场为主、政府引导,鼓励先进、淘汰落后,标准引领、有序提升”的原则,培育农业领域新质生产力。一是坚持主导产业“带动”。立足宁德主导产业优势,组织开展“优势主导产业向农业机械制造延伸”专题调研,提出《宁德市鼓励电机、新材料向农业机械制造转型发展的工作提纲》,引导企业提升农业机械及关键零部件的自主研发生产能力,促进转型升级。比如,指导福安依托小微电机电器产业园成立小微农机制造基地,支持福安海荣不锈钢制品有限公司研发不锈钢山地轨道运输设备,推动其成功列入国家和省农机购置补贴目录并在省内外热销;鼓励福建米颉车业股份有限公司在全国首创研发纯电动农用雾炮植保车系列产品;本地生产的食用菌、茶叶等加工机械关键部位普遍使用青拓不锈钢进行替代,既耐用又提升产品品质。二是坚持科技创新“驱动”。引入福建有伦农业科技发展有限公司开发福安智慧农机管理服务平台,推广应用北斗系统等大型“智慧农机”,通过集成北斗导航、遥感物联网等技术实现实时监测、同步数据、网上订单等,有效提高服务效率。该平台在2023年全省春季农业生产现场活动上发布并得到省领导高度认可。三是坚持绿色高效“联动”。全面推动大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新工作,近三年来累计推广新能源等农业绿色发展机具14009台(套)。针对本地山区丘陵农业种植特点,发展小型果蔬烘干、冷藏
加工设备和智慧大棚,2021年以来推动果园、梯田、茶园等安装轨道运输装备达276台(套),有力解决生产资料“上山难”、农产品“下山难”问题;结合海上养殖综合整治,打破竹竿养殖传统模式,在福鼎、霞浦等地推广玻璃钢撑杆紫菜养殖,保护海洋生态环境。
(三)抓服务提效能,让“良技”配“良田”。以服务农业大生产为抓手,改革创新农机社会化服务,因地制宜推广农机技术,为农业高质量发展夯实基础。一是优化“新服务”。提炼总结“专业服务、多元经营、联营共有、企社合作”等四种典型社会化服务模式,举办全市农机专业合作社现场推进活动进行推广。蕉城区创新试点“粮耕保姆站”工作,为经营10亩以上粮食作物规模经营主体提供机耕、机育、机插、机防、机收、机烘服务,2024年上半年作业面积达49600亩,有关经验做法在《新华社》客户端刊登。二是推广“新技术”。立足我市丘陵山区地块小、梯田多、连片不成规模的实际情况,积极引导群众改变山地水稻种植模式,举办全省山垄田水稻生产全程机械化现场推进会,引进试验水稻飞播,机抛秧、精量育秧等新技术,各县持续开展适合机具推广演示活动,并进行跟踪测产,2023年发布水稻测产2次,其中水稻机插平均亩产达593.95千克/亩,水稻无人机飞播平均亩产达571.65千克/亩。三是吸收“新力量”。在鼓励支持种植大户、农机大户积极创办农机合作社的基础上,引导农垦集团、供销合作社、县(镇)属国有企业等多方力量积极参与,以投资主体多元化和服务机制市场化有效提高农机服务体系整体活力。比如,屏南县棠口镇镇属企业以农田“宜机化”改造为契机,建设现代小型农业机械推广示范园100亩,成立农业生产机械化服务队,为合作社成员及经营主体提供全方位全过程农业综合服务;县属国企屏南八百投资开发有限公司、古田县农歌商务服务有限公司等国企投资入股建设工厂化育秧中心和粮食烘干中心,为农业机械化注入“新鲜血液”。
二、实施效果
(一)有效解决了农机服务“掉链子”问题。宁德市结合实际,落实惠农政策,创新发展社会化服务组织,切实打通了农机服务“最后一公里”。2024年上半年全市争取并兑付农机购置补贴资金位居全省前列;累计培育有对外提供农机社会化服务的各类新型农业生产服务主体43个,完成服务面积109.19万亩,沿海平原地区基本实现水稻生产全面全程机械化。
(二)有力突破了农机装备“卡脖子”问题。宁德市积极引进推广绿色、新能源农机装备,对高端绿色智能创新农机产品开辟绿色通道,智慧农机试点工作成效明显,促进了农业领域新质生产力发展。数据显示,近三年来我市共申请报废农机数量107台(套),更新各类农机装备59359台(套),受益群众17674户。农业机械化快速发展,让更多“农把式”用起了“金耙犁”。
(三)有序牵住了粮食生产“牛鼻子”问题。面对农村劳动力外流、部分耕地闲置的实际,宁德市通过深化农机改革,改善农机作业条件,强化粮食生产机具保障,深挖机收减损潜力,水稻机收损失率仅为2.15%,低于全国水稻机收行业标准,确保粮食生产“颗粒归仓”“稳产增收”。全市粮播面积和产量连续三年达134万亩、47万吨以上,圆满完成省对市耕地保护和粮食安全生产责任制考核目标。
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