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云南省DB53/T 1098-2022《水稻机插秧栽培技术规程》解读

2023-07-27 16:05:08 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：28253 评论

导读：规定了水稻机插秧栽培技术的品种、种子处理、育秧、插秧、施肥、灌溉、病虫草害防治、收获等技术内容。适用于水稻机插秧的栽培。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】云南省DB53/T 1098-2022《水稻机插秧栽培技术规程》于2022年5月20日由云南省市场监督管理局批准发布，自2022年8月20日开始实施。
 
　　该地方标题由云南省农业科学院提出，由云南省农业标准化技术委员会(YNTC 07)归口，由云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所起草。规定了水稻机插秧栽培技术的品种、种子处理、育秧、插秧、施肥、灌溉、病虫草害防治、收获等技术内容。适用于水稻机插秧的栽培。

 

　　播种：
 
　　机插秧种子播种时间应晚于当地手插秧种子播种 7 d～10 d。
 
　　宜采用全自动播种流水线完成铺底土、洒水、播种、盖土等工序。
 
　　粉碎床土，粉碎后颗粒直径≤5 mm，用壮秧剂(200 倍～300 倍)拌土调酸和消毒，并搅拌均匀备用。
 
　　铺完底土后，用清水淋透底土，土表不积水。
 
　　籼稻播种量为 60 g/盘～80 g/盘，粳稻播种量为 80 g/盘～100 g/盘，秧龄短采用高限播种量， 秧龄长采用低限播种量。
 
　　机械播种均匀度≥95%，按 NY/T 1635 规定方法进行测试与计算。
 
　　盖种土用杀菌剂消毒，不拌壮秧剂，厚度约 0.5 cm。
 
　　叠盘暗化出苗：将播种后秧盘叠盘堆放，每20盘～25盘为一，上面放置一张装土而不播种的秧盘，用黑色薄膜覆   盖，保温、保湿、催芽。当秧盘种子出苗到0.5 cm时，将秧盘移到露地秧田或温室大棚摆盘育秧。
 
　　秧苗期管理——
 
　　施肥管理：秧苗期追肥两次，2叶1心时第一次追肥，移栽前2 d～3 d第二次追肥，追肥用量视苗情和叶色每盘施用尿素0.5 g～1 g，按1:100兑水拌匀后，于傍晚均匀喷施，不得直接在秧苗上撒施化肥。
 
　　露地秧田秧苗期管理：
 
　　秧田摆盘后灌水至半沟深，秧盘湿润后及时排水。
 
　　夜间温度≤14 ℃时应盖薄膜。
 
　　秧苗 1 叶 1 心至 2 叶 1 心时控水，但应保持秧盘表面湿润。
 
　　秧苗 2 叶期揭膜炼苗。
 
　　温室大棚秧苗期管理：
 
　　摆盘后，晴天每天补水 4 次，分别在 8:00 时、11:00 时、13:00 时、18:00 时进行，阴天每天补水 1 次，在 11:00 时进行，保持盘土湿润。
 
　　秧苗 1 叶 1 心至 2 叶 1 心时期，白天通风，夜间闭棚。
 
　　2 叶 1 心时期后，全天通风不闭棚，降温炼苗。
 
　　2 叶 1 心时期后，上下秧盘和里外秧盘间定期倒盘，使秧盘受光均匀。
 
　　秧块质量：
 
　　秧块长 58 cm±0.1 cm、宽 28 cm±0.1 cm、土层厚 2.0 cm～2.5 cm。
 
　　秧块形状宜四角垂直方正，不缺边、边缺角。
 
　　秧苗群体质量均衡，无明显弱苗、病株和虫害，籼稻每平方厘米成苗 1.0 株～2.0 株，粳稻每平方厘米成苗 2.0 株～3.0 株。
 
　　根系盘结牢固，盘根带土厚薄一致，秧苗韧性强、弹性好，秧块柔软能卷成筒，提起不断、不散、底面布满白根，形如毯状。
 
　　秧苗质量：叶龄4叶～5叶，苗高15 cm～20 cm，茎基粗扁，宽度0.15 cm以上。叶挺色绿，根系发达，单株白根6条以上。
 
　　插秧——
 
　　基本要求：
 
　　整田农业机械应符合 GB/T 10395 的规定，插秧机应符合 GB/T 20864 的规定。
 
　　机械操作人员应经过培训合格，并严格按照机具使用说明书和安全操作规程进行调整、作业和维护。
 
　　作业前应规划好作业路线，安排好起秧，做到随起随运随插，避免起秧及运送过程中损伤秧苗。
 
　　待插秧苗，应采取遮荫措施防止秧苗失水枯萎。
 
　　点击下方下载完整标准文本。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 
相关资料下载：

DB53_T 1098-2022水稻机插秧栽培技术规程.pdf

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上一篇： 盘锦市DB2111/T 0007-2021《水稻机械化插秧技术规范》解读

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