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晋中市《DB1407/T 40-2022旱作马铃薯脱毒一级种薯（大田）机械化生产技术规程》

2022-10-14 14:02:49 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：39529 评论

导读：该标准规定了旱作马铃薯脱毒一级种薯(大田)机械化生产技术的术语和定义、播前准备、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、收获与贮藏和生产档案的建立等。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】近年来，全国各地大力推广马铃薯生产全程机械化新技术、新装备，推进了马铃薯生产全程机械化向高质高效方向发展。据2021年山西省人民政府办公厅关于加快推进马铃薯产业发展的实施意见 ，提出到2025年，山西省马铃薯种植面积达到450万亩，其中现代加工型马铃薯种植基地发展到50万亩以上，总产量达到800万吨，单产高于全国平均水平。
　　
　　2022年3月25日，晋中市市场监督管理局批准发布了《DB1407/T 40-2022旱作马铃薯脱毒一级种薯(大田)机械化生产技术规程》，该标准自2022年4月25日起实施。本标准由山西省晋中市农业农村局提出并监督实施，由晋中市种植业标准化专家组归口，由山西省左权县市场监督管理局、山西省左权县农业农村局、太原麦斯达夫标准化   服务有限公司起草。

　　该标准规定了旱作马铃薯脱毒一级种薯(大田)机械化生产技术的术语和定义、播前准备、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、收获与贮藏和生产档案的建立等。适用于旱作马铃薯脱毒一级种薯(大田)的机械化生产。
 
　　机具选择：选择适于当地种植模式的铧式犁、旋耕机、耙、深松等机具，适于开沟、播种、覆土、起垄、镇压   等一体化作业的种植机，以及配套的上土、喷药、杀秧、收获等机具。种植机的技术条件应符合GB/T 25417 的规定。
 
　　机械化播种：采用单行或双行播种机，垄高15 cm～20 cm，单垄单行垄宽90 cm，单垄双行垄宽120 cm，垄距40 cm～ 45 cm。依据品种特性，调整株距。一次性完成开沟、播种、覆土、起垄、镇压等机械化工作。
 
　　病虫害防治原则：遵循 “预防为主，综合防治”的植保方针，坚持以“农业防治、物理防治、生物防治为主，化学防治为辅”的无害化治理原则。
 
　　农业防治——
 
　　农业防治应采取以下措施进行：
 
　　——合理轮作倒茬，不应与茄科作物连作；
 
　　——增施有机肥，改善土壤结构；
 
　　——生长期加强肥水管理；
 
　　——及时剔除病株；
 
　　——清除田间杂草；
 
　　——适时收获。
 
　　物理防治：采用杀虫灯、性诱剂、黄板等诱杀害虫。
 
　　生物防治：释放虫害天敌，选用生物药剂防治病虫害。
 
　　化学防治：选用的药剂符合GB/T 8321的规定。药剂使用方法符合NY/T 2383的规定。
 
　　收获与贮藏——
 
　　杀秧收获：植株上部茎叶开始枯萎、下部叶片脱落时，选用杀秧机杀秧。一周后使用收获机收获，收获期应避   开雨天，避免机械混杂、机械损伤、防曝晒。应选择作业质量满足NY/T 2464要求的收获机。
 
　　贮藏：种薯收获后应剔除病、烂、伤、杂及畸形薯，并大小分级，按照品种和级别分别贮藏，操作应符合 GB/T 29379的规定。
 
　　建立生产档案：记录马铃薯脱毒一级种薯生产各环节具体内容，《马铃薯脱毒一级种薯机械化生产档案》见附录A。
　　
 
　　可点击下方下载完整标准文件。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台、山西省人民政府办公厅。
相关资料下载：

旱作马铃薯脱毒一级种薯（大田）机械化生产技术规程.pdf

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