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地方标准解读：承德市《DB23/T 2658—2020马铃薯全程机械化种植技术规程》

2022-10-13 13:31:47 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：36351 评论

导读：该标准规定了马铃薯全程机械化种植的产地环境、播前准备、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、收获和生产档案。适用于马铃薯全程机械化种植。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】据2021年全国农业机械化发展统计公报显示，目前我国农作物耕种收综合机械化率达72.03%，较上年提高0.78个百分点；其中机耕率、机播率、机收率分别达到86.42%、60.22%、64.66%。与小麦、水稻、玉米等其他农作物相比，我国马铃薯生产全程机械化水平还比较低。
 
　　2020年8月14日，黑龙江省市场监督管理局批准发布了《DB23/T 2658—2020马铃薯全程机械化种植技术规程》。该标准由黑龙江省市场监督管理局提出，由黑龙江八一农垦大学起草，自2020年9月13日开始实施。
 
　　该标准规定了马铃薯全程机械化种植的产地环境、播前准备、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、收获和生产档案。适用于马铃薯全程机械化种植。
 
　　田间管理——
 
　　中耕管理：选择中耕培土机或动力中耕机进行中耕，中耕作业以 2 次为宜，植株距离破土 2 cm～3 cm 时进行第一次中耕培土，覆土 5 cm 左右。株高 10 cm～15 cm 时进行第二次中耕，覆土 5 cm 左右。
 
　　水肥管理：水分管理：播种后天气干旱，及时灌溉；块茎形成期和块茎膨大期土壤田间最大持水量保持 60%～80%。结薯后期和收获前要控制水分。应用水肥一体化技术，采用膜下滴灌、喷灌等高效节水灌溉技术和装备。
 
　　追肥：现蕾期结合浇水分次追施氮肥(N)60 kg/hm2～72 kg /hm2、钾肥(K O)96 kg/hm2～144 kg /hm2，肥料使用应符合 NY/T 496 规定。
 
　　除草：中耕时结合除草，必要时用药剂除草，农药使用应符合 GB/T 8321 和 NY/T 1276 规定。
 
　　病虫害防治——
 
　　防治原则：采用“预防为主，综合防治”方针，优先使用农业防治、物理防治、生物防治，必须使用化学防治时药剂使用应符合GB/T 8321和NY/T 1276规定。
 
　　主要病虫害防治方法——
 
　　早疫病：早疫病发病初期，可采用嘧菌酯等药剂防治。
 
　　晚疫病：6月中旬，晚疫病可采用代森锰锌等保护型杀菌剂喷施预防，晚疫病发病初期宜采用氟吡菌胺霜霉威盐酸盐等治疗性药剂喷施，交替使用至少两种药剂。
 
　　蚜虫：蚜虫防治使用抗蚜威等药剂。
 
　　金针虫、地老虎、蛴螬等地下害虫：播种时随播种机沟施苦参碱水剂等药剂防治地下害虫。
 
　　二十八星瓢虫：发现成虫时可采用氰戊菊酯等药剂防治。
 
　　收获——
 
　　杀秧：收获前 10 d～15 d，采用催枯剂进行化学杀秧，茎叶枯死后采用杀秧机进行机械杀秧，杀秧机作业质量应符合 NY/T 2706 的规定。
 
　　收获机械选择：马铃薯收获机的选择应适合当地土壤类型、粘重程度和作业要求。马铃薯收获机械的作业质量应符合NY/T 2462的要求。
 
　　适时收获：马铃薯在生理成熟后及时收获，收获时防止雨淋和日光暴晒，马铃薯在装运时轻放，避免碰伤。
 
　　生产档案：应建立生产档案，内容包括：品种选择档案、整地档案、催芽档案、切块拌种档案、播种档案、中耕档案、水分管理档案、肥料使用档案、除草档案、病虫害防治档案及收获档案。
 
　　可点击下方下载完整标准文件。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
相关资料下载：

马铃薯全程机械化种植技术规程.pdf

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