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驻马店：《DB4117/T 242-2019小麦全程机械化作业质量标准》解读

2022-06-07 08:58:25 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：23221 评论

导读：《DB4117/T 242-2019小麦全程机械化作业质量标准》规定了小麦机械化生产过程中一般要求、品种选择、耕整地、播种、田间管理、收获等主要环节的作业质量标准。适用于小麦生产全程机械化作业质量评价。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】随着驻马店市小麦产业的快速发展，建立系统的、科学的、规范的作业质量标准势在必行。为规范驻马店市小麦生产行为，根据国家有关标准，结合驻马店市实际，特制定《DB4117/T 242-2019小麦全程机械化作业质量标准》。
 
　　本标准由驻马店市农机局、驻马店市市场监督管理局提出，由驻马店市农业机械化技术推广站，驻马店市土肥利用管理站，遂平县农业机械学校，正阳县农业机械学校，确山县农业机械化技术推广站，平舆县农业技术推广站，驻马店市林业技术推广站，上蔡县农业机械化技术推广站共同起草。于2019年7月26日由驻马店市市场监督管理局批准发布，于2019年7月30日开始实施。

　　本标准规定了小麦机械化生产过程中一般要求、品种选择、耕整地、播种、田间管理、收获等主要环节的作业质量标准。适用于小麦生产全程机械化作业质量评价。
 
　　技术要求——
 
　　一般要求：机具操作人员应是专业人员或经过专业培训的人员，并严格按照机具使用说明书的操作规程进行调整、作业和维护。机具性能应满足相关产品标准和安全标准要求。
 
　　品种选择：选用通过审定、适应在本地区生态条件下种植的抗逆、抗病、抗倒伏稳产高产品种。种子质量应符合GB4404.1的要求。

　　耕整地：耕整地作业质量应符合表1的规定。
 
　　播种、施肥：根据品种特性，确定本地麦播适宜期。采用精量播种机播种，播深 3cm～5cm。采用等行距、宽窄行、宽幅播种、洁区播种、带状播种、沟播及免耕播种等播种方式，做到下种均匀、深浅一致，播后镇压。

　　播种作业质量应符合表 2 的规定。
 

　　施肥作业质量应符合表 3 的规定。
 
　　田间管理：
 
　　排灌：应根据排灌面积和排水量选择适宜的排灌设施或机械，做到旱能灌、涝能排。
 
　　追肥：农艺要求适时进行追肥。可采用中耕施肥和叶面施肥，施肥量应根据土壤肥力、产量水平和肥料养分含量等情况确定。
 
　　植保：应根据病虫草害的发生规律，合理选用农药品种及用量，采取综合防治措施进行防治作业。植保作业质量应符合表4的规定。

 

　　收获：
 
　　在小麦蜡熟末期时及时收获。
 
　　收获作业质量应符合表5的规定。
 

　　晾晒与烘干：
 
　　收获后的小麦通过晾晒与烘干，小麦籽粒水分含量降至12.5%以下时，入库贮藏。
 
　　秸秆处理：
 
　　小麦收获后的秸秆应进行粉碎还田或回收利用。
 
　　小麦秸秆还田作业质量应符合表 6 的规定，回收小麦秸秆宜打捆后调运。
 


 

　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：全国地方标准信息平台。

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