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河南省：麦田农机农艺信息融合及高效植保相关技术标准解读

2022-06-06 11:19:30 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：24686 评论

导读：信息技术与农机农艺融合应用作为智慧农业的一种生产方式，无人驾驶农机具引领未来农业发展新方向。河南近年来相继推行实施了多顶相关技术标准。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】没有农业机械化，就没有农业现代化。2022年中央一号文件指出，推进智慧农业发展，促进信息技术与农机农艺融合应用。作为智慧农业的一种生产方式，无人驾驶农机具引领未来农业发展新方向。河南近年来相继推行实施了多顶相关技术标准，内容摘要如下：

　　《DB41/T 1937-2020小麦农机农艺信息融合生产技术规程》——
 
　　《DB41/T 1937-2020小麦农机农艺信息融合生产技术规程》由河南省农业农村厅提出，由河南农业大学、河南省科技发展中心、商丘市农林科学院共同起草，于2020年1月20日由河南省市场监督管理局批准发布，于2020年4月20日是开始实施。
 
　　本标准规定了小麦生产过程中农机农艺信息融合技术术语与定义、技术规范。适用于平原区小麦玉米轮作模式的小麦生产。
 
　　品种选择：依据生产目标、土壤及生态条件，利用品种决策系统，选择通过河南省或国家品种审定委员会审定的种子，质量标准符合。
 
　　种植方式：宜选择小麦玉米一体化播种机，使用4行小麦1行玉米的宽窄行种植方式，每4行小麦间留一个24 cm 的宽行空档，小麦幅宽36 cm(每2行小麦的行距12 cm)。或者采用13 cm与20 cm交替的宽窄行小麦单作的种植方式。
 
　　
 
　　《DB41/T 2014-2020小麦田高效植保机械作业技术规范》——
 
　　本标准由河南省农业农村厅提出并归口，由河南省植物保护植物检疫站起草，于2020年10月23日由河南省市场监督管理局批准发布，于2021年1月23日实施。
 
　　本标准规定了小麦田高效植保机械作业的相关术语与定义、基本条件、施药前准备、作业技术要求等。适用于高效植保机械(包括喷杆喷雾机和多旋翼植保无人飞机)开展小麦病虫害防治时的施药作业。
 
　　机械要求——
 
　　基本要求：喷杆喷雾机应符合GB/T 24677.1—2009 的相关要求，多旋翼植保无人飞机应符合 NY/T 3213—2018 的相关要求。喷杆喷雾机和多旋翼植保无人飞机均具有作业信息存储系统，实时记录并保存作业状况， 包括位置坐标、亩施药液量、作业轨迹、作业速度、作业高度、作业有效喷幅、作业面积等信息。
 
　　喷杆喷雾机：
 
　　配置变量喷雾控制系统、具有精准定位系统、配备防飘移喷嘴。
 
　　喷头(嘴)应满足下列条件：
 
　　a)喷杆上一般不能混装不同类型、不同喷雾角度以及不同型号的喷头，如需加装不同的喷头，需要确保喷头的雾滴粒径符合喷雾质量相关要求；
 
　　b)宜选用标准扇形喷嘴或气吸式防飘喷嘴，标准扇形喷嘴适合喷洒触杀性杀虫剂、杀菌剂，气吸式防飘喷嘴适合喷洒除草剂、植物生长调节剂以及绝大多数具有内吸性的药剂；
 
　　c)根据作业速度、单位面积施药液量和喷幅来计算所需的喷嘴流量，再根据药剂种类、喷嘴流量、工作压力等因素，选择合适的喷嘴型号；
 
　　d)喷头防滴性能、喷头喷雾量偏差幅度和喷雾量分布均匀性等应满足 GB/T 24677.1—2009 的规定；
 
　　机械的密封性能、过滤性能等应满足 GB/T 24677.1—2009 的要求。
 
　　多旋翼植保无人飞机：
 
　　具有全自主控制模式，同时具备半自主控制模式或手动控制模式，并且控制模式之间可自由切换。
 
　　具备防雾滴飘移、断点续喷、变量喷雾、精确定位、自动仿地、自动避障绕障、作业过程及数据可视化、实时传输、显示提醒等功能。
 
　　在有效遥控距离内，多旋翼植保无人飞机应能与地面控制系统保持实时数据传输。
 
　　自动提醒剩余药量和剩余电量。
 
　　喷头(嘴)应满足下列条件：
 
　　a)喷雾系统上一般不能混装不同类型、不同喷雾角度以及不同型号的喷头，如需加装不同的喷头， 需要确保喷头的雾滴粒径符合喷雾质量相关要求；
 
　　b)根据防治对象及作业要求选择适宜的喷头。对于雾滴分布均匀性要求较高的作业，宜选用离心式喷头；对穿透性要求较高的作业，宜选用压力式喷头；
 
　　c)喷头防滴性能、喷头喷雾量偏差幅度和喷雾量分布均匀性应满足 NY/T 3213—2018 的规定。
 
　　多旋翼植保无人飞机的飞行精度、续航能力、过滤性能等应满足 NY/T 3213—2018 的要求。
 
　　想了解详细内容，可点击下方下载标准完整文本。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：全国地方标准信息平台。
 
相关资料下载：

DB41T 1937-2020FDIS.pdf DB41T 2014-2020FDIS.pdf

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