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改革开放四十年 农业农机大变化

2018-12-18 17:27:19 来源:中国农机网整理发布 阅读量:31789 评论

导读:1978年,党的十一届三中全会胜利召开,我国进入了改革开放新时代。40年来,我国先后发布了20个“一号文件”,在一系列的农业政策指导和推动下,传统农业逐渐向生产过程现代化、生产技术科学化、增长方式集约化、经营循环市场化、生产组织社会化、生产绩效高优化、劳动者智能化的现代农业过渡。

  【中国农机网 热点关注】1978年,党的十一届三中全会胜利召开,我国进入了改革开放新时代。40年来,我国先后发布了20个“一号文件”,在一系列的农业政策指导和推动下,传统农业逐渐向生产过程现代化、生产技术科学化、增长方式集约化、经营循环市场化、生产组织社会化、生产绩效高优化、劳动者智能化的现代农业过渡。
 
  40年来,我国农业机械化发展也经历了不同时期的数次实践探索。据农业农村部消息,2018年全国农作物耕种收综合机械化率超过67%,300多个示范县基本实现全程机械化。这对于农业机械发展白手起家的我们来说,实实在在是翻天覆地的变化。
 
  新疆:从牛拉马驮到智慧农业
 
  40年来,新疆持续加大强农惠农富农政策力度、全面深化农村改革、积极推进土地确权颁证、推进农村管理体制和农产品流通体制改革、坚持以农业供给侧结构性改革为主线、扎实推进乡村振兴战略……
 
  农户依靠智能农机设备,足不出户就能实现对百万亩棉田的种植、采收全程实时监管。同时,番茄采收机、玉米收割机、打包采棉机、超大功率拖拉机、等离子打药机、智能配肥机、卫星导航、自动驾驶设备等一大批先进农用机械和技术也已投入到新疆农业生产中。
 
  机械化水平的发展带来的是新疆小麦、棉花、玉米等农作物产量的提升。统计数据显示,1978年以来,新疆粮食总产从当年的370万吨增长到2017年的1447.6万吨。2017年新疆棉花总产达456.60万吨,是1978年的83倍,新疆已成为全国重要的产棉基地。
 
  质量的飞跃则为新疆农业发展拓宽了空间。随着农业供给侧结构性改革的推进,新疆棉花发展布局不断优化,棉花不断向优势产区集中,小麦向“精品化”“专用化”“特种化”方向发展,新疆农产品完成了从“量”到“质”的转变。
 
  改革开放40年来,党中央持续加大强农惠农政策力度,农业连年丰收,农村改革、绿色发展、美丽乡村建设都取得显著性成效,天山南北广大农民享受到了农业发展带来的“红利”。
 
  北京:改革开放至今农民收入年均增12.8%
 
  党的十一届三中全会以来,北京农村在改革开放的推动下发生了深刻变化。农业生产由传统走向现代,城乡由“二元结构”走向深度融合,农民由温饱迈进全面小康……市统计局近日发布改革开放40年北京“三农”发展报告,回顾农村伴随城镇化进程实现的跨越式发展。
 
  从追求高产到凸显生活生态,随着城市化的快速推进,北京农业发展空间不断收缩,生产功能减弱的同时,农业生活和生态功能日益凸显。2015年至今,是以“调转节”为中心的高质量提升阶段,围绕首都城市战略定位,北京农业调结构、转方式,高耗能、高耗水传统农业被列入限制发展产业。
 
  从城乡“二元结构”到深度融合,进入“十三五”时期,以城带乡、城乡一体、协调发展的新型城乡关系进一步完善,城乡进入深度融合发展阶段。
 
  生活质量不断提高、消费升级的背后是农民收入的较快增长。改革开放40年来,北京市农村居民人均可支配收入较快提升,2017年农村居民人均可支配收入24240元,相比1978年,年均增长12.8%,扣除价格因素,年均实际增长6.8%。
 
  吉林白城:农业生产能力显著提升
 
  40年来,白城市委、市政府积极落实国家各项惠农、强农政策,大力推进农业供给侧改革,开拓进取、奋勇向前,白城市在农业生产、农村面貌、农民生活水平等方面都发生了翻天覆地的变化。
 
  白城已由改革开放前的“劳动挣工分,粮食靠供给,一年忙到底,年底欠集体”的大锅饭、大集体状态发展成大型商品粮基地市、全国节水型井灌区建设示范市,被列为全国农业四大开发区之一和国家生态建设示范区,同时也是全国油料作物和杂粮杂豆主产区。
 
  2017年,全市粮食作物面积70.96万公顷,比1978年增加21.09万公顷,粮食单产由1978年的1541公斤/公顷增长到2017年的4710公斤/公顷;白城市1978年农民人均纯收入140元,到2017年提高到9024元,增长64倍,农民生活水平显著提高。
 
  此外,改革开放40年来,随着农业各类产品的丰富和产量的大幅增加,白城市农业经济总量迅速提升,农业经济实力显著增强;到2017年,全市农业机械总动力达到543.9万千瓦,比1987年增加488.4万千瓦,增长8.8倍,农机化综合水平达到75%,全市农机化各项指标均有明显提高;农业产业化经营持续平稳发展,走突出特色、集聚集约、绿色生态、增效增收的现代农业发展路子,全市特色农产品基本实现“产、加、销”一体化紧密发展产业路径;特色种养业发展势头良好,以供给侧结构性改革为主线,围绕建设吉林西部生态经济区,积极调整种植结构,大力发展特色作物,全力打造特色农产品优势区,成效初显;推进农村土地合理化流转,加快新农村建设。
 
  本文由中国农机网整理发布,部分资料来源:天山网、北京日报、白城日报,如有侵权或异议请联系我们。
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