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农业遭遇“莫兰蒂” 灾情防范面面观

2016-09-20 08:48:14 来源：中国农机网 阅读量：16911 评论

导读：今年我国灾害性天气频发，暴雨、台风接二连三，给农业生产带来毁灭性的灾难。就在刚刚过去的这个中秋小长假中，很多人都感受到了台风“莫兰蒂”的肆虐，别说赏月了，连出门都困难，许多受灾区的农民只能眼睁睁看着农作物被淹没，却毫无办法。

　　【中国农机网 行业要闻】今年我国灾害性天气频发，暴雨、台风接二连三，给农业生产带来毁灭性的灾难。就在刚刚过去的这个中秋小长假中，很多人都感受到了台风“莫兰蒂”的肆虐，别说赏月了，连出门都困难，许多受灾区的农民只能眼睁睁看着农作物被淹没，却毫无办法。
　　
　　农业遭遇“莫兰蒂” 灾情防范面面观

        “莫兰蒂”携手“马勒卡” 农业遭重创
　　
　　说到台风，那中国台湾就是一个不得不提的地方了，每年中国台湾因台风造成的损失不计其数，这次“莫兰蒂”强势而来，中国台湾依旧难逃肆虐。据中国台湾《联合晚报》报道，莫兰蒂肆虐高雄，造成高雄市燕巢、大社等番石榴、枣子主要产区严重落果、折枝，温网室设施毁损严重。经高雄市农业局初步估计，全市农产损失金额高达4.6亿元(新台币)。截至17日中午为止，莫兰蒂台风造成全台农损逼近8亿。
　　
　　这次两大台风像是约好了似的，“莫兰蒂”刚过，“马勒卡”又接踵而来，给尚未得到喘息的农业带来再一次伤害。乐清市正好遭受了这双台风的袭击，据初步统计，台风给乐清造成的经济损失约9000多万元，其中农业损失为惨重，总计5900多万元。
　　
　　看着一串串的损失数据是令人揪心，对许多农民而言这一年的收成或许就毁在这无情的台风中了。那么，面对突如其来的灾害性天气，怎样做才能使损失降低到小呢？
　　
　　提高预防意识 健全农业保险体系
　　
　　灾害性天气往往带有突发性，就拿台风来说，台风的到来虽有天气预报提前告知和预测路径，但是对于农业生产来说还是相对突然了。农作物的生长是一个很漫长的过程，往往要以月来计算，而台风的出现不可能那么早预知，一旦台风到来，家里可以关窗关门，船舶可以不出海，但是种下去的种子却收不回来了，所以对于农业生产来说，提前预防非常有必要。
　　
　　农业抗风险能力差，农业保险就给农业生产留了后路。近年来，我国一直在积极推广政策性农业保险，力争为农户撑起保护伞。但是，就我国目前的农业保险而言，由于受灾认定难、赔付标准低、保险品种单一等缺点，在具体推行过程中面临重重障碍，如何调整和制定更为完善的政策标准成为当务之急。
　　
　　台风等自然灾害每年都在发生，让农业保险运行起来，并形成良性循环刻不容缓。而在这个过程中，需要各级政府的财政补贴、需要保险公司险种的研发和基层人员的衔接，需要农民投保意识的提升，需要多方面共同的努力，形成健全的农业保险体系。
　　
　　除了等待保险理赔 挽救农业损失还能做什么？
　　
　　让烘干机给粮食脱脱水
　　
　　台风常常带来强降雨，许多农作物都浸了水，特别像眼下这种收获时节，粮食遇了水不是发芽就是发霉，有了烘干机的帮忙，可在短时间内保证粮食干燥，减少一部分的粮食损失。所以加快粮食烘干设备建设是利民惠农的重要途径。
　　
　　让农业实施机械化复产
　　
　　农作物被毁，除了叹息更多的是要挽救。很多农作物在被淹之后或许还能抢抓时间再种一季，机械化播种能将这段复产时间大大缩短，提高生产效率。在修复水毁农田的时候，可利用农业机械迅速抢排农田积水，让农田尽早恢复到可种植状态。
　　
　　加强基础设施建设
　　
　　台风所带来的降水是一时间的骤降，所以很容易产生内涝，水一下子排不出去，自然会被淹没。所以在农田建设时要做好水利工程，保障排灌畅通，建设标准农田。
　　
　　我国是一个农业大国，又是世界上农业灾害较为严重的国家之一。近十年来，我国平均每年约有3亿亩农作物受灾，给人们造成极大损失，不少农民因灾致贫。所以面对台风等自然灾害我们要有防范意识，提前给农作物上道保险，同时当灾难来临时运用一切资源降低损失，推动农业健康发展。

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