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宝鸡市DB6103/T 41-2023《玉米-小麦轮作机械化生产技术规范》解读

2023-08-15 15:57:48 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：28476 评论

导读：该标准由宝鸡市农业农村局提出，由宝鸡市农业农村局归口，由宝鸡市农业科学研究院、西北农林科技大学农学院起草。规定了玉米-小麦轮作机械化生产的要求。适用于玉米-小麦两年三熟轮作机械化生产。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2023年7月10日，宝鸡市市场监督管理局批准发布DB6103/T 41-2023《玉米-小麦轮作机械化生产技术规范》，该地方标准自2023年8月30日实施。
 

　　该标准由宝鸡市农业农村局提出，由宝鸡市农业农村局归口，由宝鸡市农业科学研究院、西北农林科技大学农学院起草。规定了玉米-小麦轮作机械化生产的要求。适用于玉米-小麦两年三熟轮作机械化生产。
 
　　玉米机械化生产——
  
　　品种选择：选用通过国家或陕西省审定、适宜机械化作业的丰产、稳产、抗病玉米品种。种子质量应符合GB 4404.1 中大田用种(单粒播种)规定的要求。
 
　　播种：
 
　　播期
 
　　春玉米以 5cm～10cm 土层温度稳定在 10℃以上，4 月中、下旬播种为宜。
 
　　夏玉米应在小麦收获以后及早进行播种，最迟不晚于 6 月中旬。
 
　　播种方法
 
　　春玉米宜选用精量深松施肥播种机，一次性完成深松、旋耕、施肥、播种、镇压作业。
 
　　夏玉米宜选用洁区免耕施肥播种机，一次性完成前茬粉碎、播种、施肥、秸秆覆盖作业。也可使用带有秸秆切碎装置的免耕施肥播种机。
 
　　采用 60 ㎝等行距播种，播种深度 5 ㎝～6 ㎝。
 
　　播种密度：根据不同品种要求，春播密度4000株/667m2～4500株/667m2；夏播密度4500株/667m2～5500株/667m2。
 
　　田间管理——
 
　　灌溉：在玉米播种后、抽雄开花期和灌浆期，结合土壤墒情确定是否灌溉和灌水定额，宜采用喷灌、水肥一体化等灌溉设施设备，实施节水灌溉。
 
　　化学除草：根据田间杂草种类针对性选择除草剂。
 
　　春玉米播种后出苗前，选择精异丙甲草胺等除草剂进行封闭式除草作业；出苗后，宜在玉米叶期 3～5 叶期选用烟嘧磺隆、莠去津等除草剂进行茎叶处理。
 
　　夏玉米宜在 3 叶期～5 叶期，选择晴朗无风天气，喷施烟嘧磺隆和莠去津混合剂。
 
　　虫害防治——
 
　　防治对象：主要有粘虫、玉米螟、草地贪夜蛾、蚜虫等。
 
　　常用药剂：按照GB/T 8321.10规定的要求，选用高效氯氰菊酯乳油、毒死蜱乳油、啶虫脒乳油喷雾防治粘虫； 选用氯虫苯甲酰胺或甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂喷雾防治玉米螟和草地贪夜蛾；在玉米抽雄初期， 用啶虫脒乳油或吡虫啉可湿性粉剂喷雾防治蚜虫。
 
　　防治机械：按照NY/T 1876、NY/T 4258规定的要求，采用高地隙喷杆喷雾机喷雾或使用无人机飞防。
 
　　收获：春玉米应在9月上、中旬收获，夏玉米应在果穗中部籽粒乳线消失，籽粒含水量15%～25%，采用玉米籽粒收获机进行收获，收获机械应符合GB/T 21962规定的要求。
 
　　烘干与贮藏：收获后应按照GB/T 21017规定的要求及时进行降水干燥处理。玉米籽粒含水量降至14%以下即可贮藏。
 
　　秸秆粉碎还田：收获后随即进行秸秆粉碎还田处理。作业质量应符合NY/T 500规定的要求。
 
　　小麦机械化生产——
 
　　播前准备
 
　　前茬处理：玉米秸秆粉碎还田后可适量添加氮肥、秸秆腐熟剂，加快腐熟进程。
 
　　整地：地平土细，上虚下实。深松大于30cm，深耕大于25cm。
 
　　施肥：实行测土配方施肥，肥料使用符合NY/T 496规定的要求。
 
　　播种
 
　　品种选择：选用通过国家或陕西省审定的丰产、稳产、抗病小麦品种。
 
　　种子处理：选择高效低毒的种衣剂、拌种剂进行包衣或拌种。种子包衣处理应符合GB/T 15671规定的要求。
 
　　播期和播量：适宜播期10月上、中旬，塬区宜早、川道宜晚；根据品种特性、播期、土壤墒情确定播量，一般每667㎡播种10kg～12kg。
 
　　播种方法：宜选用小麦宽幅沟播机，苗带宽8㎝～12㎝、空带宽≦20㎝。播种深度3 cm～5cm，施肥深度8 cm～ 10cm。
 
　　田间管理——
 
　　冬前管理
 
　　冬灌：宜在11月下旬～12月上、中旬，日平均气温3℃±1℃时，根据墒情确定灌溉量。
 
　　化学除草：宜在11月中旬～12月上旬，根据田间杂草发生情况，选择相应除草剂种类。
 
　　春季管理——
 
　　追肥：小麦返青至拔节期，结合灌水或降雨进行追肥。可根据小麦长势，进行叶面追肥。
 
　　灌水：小麦返青期、拔节期，可结合墒情适量灌水。
 
　　控旺：对群体过大或旺长田块，应在返青期喷施矮壮素或烯效唑可湿性粉剂。
 
　　病虫害防治——
 
　　防治时期：3月中旬注意防治条锈病，孕穗期至灌浆期，根据不同田块病虫害发生情况开展“一喷三防”。
 
　　常用药剂：按照GB/T 8321.10规定的要求，选用戊唑醇、三唑酮等防治条锈病、白粉病、茎基腐病和纹枯病； 选用吡虫啉、阿维菌素等防治蚜虫和红蜘蛛。
 
　　防治机械：按照NY/T 1876、NY/T 4258规定的要求，采用高地隙喷杆喷雾机喷雾或使用无人机飞防。
 
　　收获：应在6月上旬，蜡熟末期至完熟初期及时收获。收获作业质量应符合NY/T 995规定的要求。
 
　　干燥与贮藏：收获后应按照GB/T 21016规定的要求，及时晾晒或烘干。籽粒含水量低于13%时，趁热入仓，密闭贮藏。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 

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