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2024年秋冬季萝卜科学施肥指导意见

2024-09-30 09:48:11 来源:全国农技推广中心 阅读量:8242 评论

导读:合理施用有机肥料,提倡施用腐熟的农家肥或商品有机肥,忌用没有充分腐熟的有机肥料,重视有机无机配合施用。

  施肥原则
 
  针对萝卜生产中存在的重氮磷、轻钾肥,比例失调、施肥时期不合理,有机肥、微量元素施用不足等问题,提出以下施肥原则:
 
  (1)合理施用有机肥料,提倡施用腐熟的农家肥或商品有机肥,忌用没有充分腐熟的有机肥料,重视有机无机配合施用。
 
  (2)依据土壤肥力和目标产量,优化氮磷钾肥用量,适度降低氮磷肥用量,增施钾肥。
 
  (3)北方石灰性土壤应注意补充有效锰、锌、硼、钼等微量元素,南方酸化土壤应适量施用石灰。
 
  (4)施肥与高产栽培结合,选育高产耐密品种,提高育苗质量,采用合理种植密度,选择适宜播期/移栽期。
 
  施肥建议
 
  (1)有机肥:产量水平1000—1500公斤/亩的小型萝卜(如四季萝卜)可施充分腐熟的优质农家肥1—2方/亩或商品有机肥100—200公斤/亩,产量水平4500—5000公斤/亩的高产品种施充分腐熟的优质农家肥2—3方/亩或商品有机肥200—300公斤/亩。
 
  (2)化肥:产量水平4000公斤/亩以上,氮肥(N)10—12公斤/亩,磷肥(P2O5)4—6公斤/亩,钾肥(K2O)8—11公斤/亩;产量水平2500—4000公斤/亩,氮肥(N)6—10公斤/亩,磷肥(P2O5)3—5公斤/亩,钾肥(K2O)6—8公斤/亩;产量水平1000—2500公斤/亩,氮肥(N)4—6公斤/亩,磷肥(P2O5)2—4公斤/亩,钾肥(K2O)4—6公斤/亩。
 
  (3)30%—40%的氮钾肥作基肥施用,60%—70%的氮肥于莲座期和肉质根生长前期分两次追施,60%—70%的钾肥在肉质根生长前期和膨大期追施,有机肥、磷肥全部作基肥条施或穴施。在雨水充沛的区域推荐添加含增效氮肥(脲酶抑制剂、硝化抑制剂)的肥料。
 
  (4)缺乏微量元素硼的地块,可于播种前基施硼砂1公斤/亩,或于萝卜生长中后期用0.1%—0.5%的硼砂或硼酸,或0.1%—0.2%的糖醇硼水溶液进行叶面喷施,每隔5—6天喷一次,连喷2—3次。追肥时注意不宜靠近肉质根,以免烧根。注意控制施肥量,以免造成萝卜裂根。
 
  来源:农业农村部种植业管理司、全国农业技术推广服务中心、农业农村部科学施肥专家指导组
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