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山东省农业农村厅印发《水产养殖病害处置指导意见》

2024-03-08 09:30:48 来源：山东省农业农村厅 阅读量：12819 评论

导读：近日，山东省农业农村厅印发《水产养殖病害处置指导意见》，提出水产养殖病害处置坚持绿色发展理念，推广应用绿色病防技术和生态养殖模式。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】 近日，山东省农业农村厅印发《水产养殖病害处置指导意见》，提出水产养殖病害处置坚持绿色发展理念，推广应用绿色病防技术和生态养殖模式，推进水产养殖规范用药和减量用药，保障水产品质量安全和水产养殖业绿色健康发展。
 
水产养殖病害处置指导意见
 
　　根据《中华人民共和国渔业法》《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》《山东省水生动物疫病应急预案》等，制定水产养殖病害处置指导意见。
 
　　一、基本原则
 
　　(一)依法依规
 
　　水产养殖病害处置依据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》《中华人民共和国渔业法》等法律法规，相关职责部门各负其责，保障水产养殖病害得到及时处置、有效控制。
 
　　(二)属地负责
 
　　县级以上渔业主管部门负责辖区水产养殖病害防控工作，根据水产养殖病害发生情况及危害程度，建立报告、响应、指导、控制等快速反应工作机制。
 
　　(三)绿色防控
 
　　水产养殖病害处置坚持绿色发展理念，推广应用绿色病防技术和生态养殖模式，推进水产养殖规范用药和减量用药，保障水产品质量安全和水产养殖业绿色健康发展。
 
　　二、病情上报
 
　　(一)快速报告
 
　　发生水生动物疫情时，应按照《山东省水生动物疫病应急预案》有关规定及时上报。发生台风、洪涝灾害、高温等极端天气并造成水产养殖动植物大量死亡时，参照水生动物疫情快速报告方式。
 
　　(二)逐级上报
 
　　未发生水生动物疫情时，各地水产养殖动植物病情测报点应通过“全国水产养殖动植物病情测报系统”将水产养殖动植物病情及时、准确进行逐级上报。
 
　　三、病情接收
 
　　(一)接收主体
 
　　县级渔业主管部门及渔业技术推广机构(水生动物疫病预防控制机构)是接收辖区内养殖单位和个人水产养殖病情报告的主体。
 
　　(二)接收形式
 
　　水产养殖病情接收可通过电话、传真、微信等多种形式。
 
　　(三)接收内容
 
　　水产养殖病情接收内容应包括但不限于养殖单位名称、详细场址、联系人、联系方式、养殖品种、养殖模式、养殖面积、发病面积、发病症状、近期水质状况(温度、溶解氧、透明度、pH、氨氮、亚硝酸盐等)、目前采取的防控措施及效果等。
 
　　四、分级响应
 
　　县级渔业主管部门或渔业技术推广机构(水生动物疫病预防控制机构)在接到养殖单位的病情报告后，应立即组织防控机构人员和专家赶赴现场，指导养殖单位采取隔离、消毒等措施控制病情，开展病害流行病学调查，现场取样检测诊断；现场难以检测时，应取样送有关实验室进行检测。县级机构若遇到难以诊断或有效防控的病害，应及时上报地市级渔业主管部门或渔业技术推广机构(水生动物疫病预防控制机构)。
 
　　地市级渔业主管部门或渔业技术推广机构(水生动物疫病预防控制机构)在接到县级病情报告后，应立即组织防控机构人员和专家赶赴现场进行病情控制、检测诊断和防控技术指导。地市级机构若遇到难以诊断或有效防控的病害，应及时上报省级渔业主管部门或省渔业发展和资源养护总站。
 
　　省级渔业主管部门或省渔业发展和资源养护总站在接到地市级的病情报告后，应立即组织防控机构人员和专家赶赴现场进行病情控制、检测诊断和防控技术指导。
 
　　五、防控指导
 
　　(一)现场调查
 
　　防控机构人员和专家到达养殖现场后，应立即开展病情调查，查看养殖生产记录。调查内容主要包括发病养殖生物生存状态、表观症状、水质状况、发病历史、投喂及用药情况等。
 
　　(二)病害诊断
 
　　通过现场察看发病生物表观症状、解剖检查和显微观察，初步诊断病原。现场采集濒死个体或病症明显个体，带回实验室进行病原检测诊断。
 
　　(三)反馈建议
 
　　病害初步诊断或实验室检测后，应及时将结果反馈给养殖主体，根据实际情况建议养殖单位采取消毒、换水、增氧、减少投喂、生物防控、药物治疗等病害防控措施。
 
　　(四)用药指导
 
　　根据病害种类和发病情况，指导养殖单位对症用药，结合药敏试验实现精准用药、减量用药，防止渔药乱用滥用。做好病害防治工作记录，并严格遵守休药期规定。
 
　　六、后期处置
 
　　(一)病死水生动物无害化处理
 
　　及时捞出病死水生动物并根据《病死水生动物及病害水生动物产品无害化处理规范》(SC/T 7015)规定进行无害化处理，防止病害扩散传播。
 
　　(二)养殖池塘和生产工具消毒
 
　　对养殖池塘和养殖工具进行彻底消毒。养殖池塘可采用曝晒，生石灰、二氧化氯等进行全面消毒；养殖工具可用高锰酸钾、漂白粉等进行浸泡消毒。
 
　　(三)恢复养殖生产
 
　　处置工作完成后，各级渔业主管部门或渔业技术推广机构(水生动物疫病预防控制机构)应及时指导养殖单位恢复生产。检查养殖生物存塘量，根据存塘情况，及时补放苗种；苗种无法补放的，应及时调整养殖品种。
 
　　(四)开展病防技术服务
 
　　组织开展病防专家行、病害检测“大篷车”、病防技术培训等多种形式的技术服务活动，将病防技术下沉到生产一线，拓展病防服务对象的覆盖面，提高养殖单位科学防病、规范用药的能力水平。
 
　　七、健全机制
 
　　(一)工作队伍
 
　　各级渔业主管部门应稳定水产养殖病害处置人员队伍，在病情响应时，具体负责情况调查、样品采样、病害诊断、技术指导等病情处置工作。
 
　　(二)技术保障
 
　　各级渔业技术推广机构(水生动物疫病预防控制机构)要积极与水产科研院校、省产业技术体系建立联系，强化水产养殖病害处置人员技术培训、病害诊断等工作的支持，实现病情测报与防控服务、病防机构与专家联治、产业主体与科研体系三项联动。
 
　　(三)经费保障
 
　　水生动物疫病防控工作所需经费按有关规定申请同级财政解决。
 
　　(四)强化监测
 
　　严格遵循《水产养殖动植物疾病测报规范》要求，及时、准确上报病害情况。优化完善辖区内水产养殖动植物病情测报网络，合理布局病情监测点，配强病情测报员，提高病害末端发现能力，做到早发现、早预警、早应对。
 
　　(五)信息宣传
 
　　各级渔业技术推广机构要充分利用官方网站、公众号、电视、广播、报纸等新闻媒介，加强对水产养殖动植物病害及其防控知识的科普宣传，增强养殖从业者病害防范的意识和能力。

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