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江苏省DB32/T 4276-2022《甘蓝类蔬菜农机农艺融合生产技术规程》解读

2023-11-14 13:57:08 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：15630 评论

导读：该标准适用于甘蓝类蔬菜农机农艺融合标准化生产。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2022年5月26日，江苏省市场监督管理局批准发布DB32/T 4276-2022《甘蓝类蔬菜农机农艺融合生产技术规程》，该地方标准自2022年6月26日实施。
 
　　该标准由江苏省农业农村厅提出并归口，由江苏省农业技术推广总站、江苏省农机具开发应用中心、江苏省农业科学院、江苏省质量和标准化研究院起草，规定了甘蓝类蔬菜农机农艺融合标准化生产的基本要求和病虫害防治、生产废弃物处理、包装贮运、生产档案等方面的要求，以及前茬处理、育苗、苗期管理、定植、采收等阶段的操作。适用于甘蓝类蔬菜农机农艺融合标准化生产。
 
　　机具要求：机具应满足甘蓝类蔬菜生产的作业要求。机具通用安全性应符合GB 10395.1的要求。
 
　　【生产技术】
 
　　前茬处理——
 
　　处理要求：清除上茬残留枝叶、杂草，废旧地膜全量回收。
 
　　配套机具：根据前茬作物差异，宜选用旋耕灭茬还田机、秸秆粉碎还田机等机具，作业幅宽120cm～180cm。
 
　　作业要求：尾菜秸秆粉碎长度小于5 cm，碎土率大于90%。
 
　　育苗——
 
　　育苗设施：采用设施育苗，冬季采用日光温室或塑料大棚育苗，育苗设施应符合GB 19165的规定；夏季采用遮阳防雨防虫棚室育苗；防虫网室应符合GB/T 19791规定。
 
　　穴盘选择：应选用与移栽机相配套的穴盘，全自动移栽机宜选用专用穴盘，半自动移栽机可根据品种和气候条件选用72穴或128穴普通穴盘。
 
　　育苗基质：宜使用商品育苗基质，育苗基质应符合NY/T 2118的规定。
 
　　播种——
 
　　播种期：应根据上市期和品种特性，选择适宜的播期，播种环境要求日温为15 ℃～30 ℃，夜温为5 ℃以上。
 
　　播种量：每穴播种1粒；根据品种特性、定植密度及种子千粒重确定用种量。
 
　　播种方法：采用成套育苗播种流水线，一次完成基质装盘、压穴、播种、覆土、浇水作业，播种合格率大于95%。
 
　　【苗期管理】
 
　　温度和水分管理——
 
　　温度管理：出苗期适温20 ℃左右。出苗后降至18 ℃以下，最适温度为白天气温25 ℃左右，夜间8 ℃～10 ℃。连栋温室采用风机、卷帘机、加热设备等调节温度，日光温室和单体塑料大棚采用卷帘机或卷膜机进行调节。
 
　　水分管理：播种后如基质底水足，出苗前可不再浇水；否则应在覆盖物(草帘、遮阳网)上喷水补足，苗期采用喷灌系统补水，以基质的含水量为70%～85%为宜。
 
　　壮苗标准：植株健壮，植株大小均匀，真叶为4片～6片叶，叶柄较短，叶片肥厚，叶丛紧凑，根系发达成坨，无病虫害。
 
　　定植——
 
　　定植准备：设施栽培的大棚和日光温室应符合T/JATEA 002、T/JATEA 003、DB32/T 1589规定；根据当地的气候特点和种植模式、农艺要求、土壤条件、地表覆盖植被及根茬状况，选择机具、作业方式和时间。
 
　　施肥整地——
 
　　施肥要求：根据土壤养分测定结果及甘蓝类蔬菜需肥特点，提倡平衡配方施肥。在中等肥力土壤条件下，结合整地，每667 ㎡施有机肥3000 kg～4000 kg，合理配合使用化肥。按NY/T 394的规定执行，限制使用含氯化肥。施肥、整地、起垄机具：基肥施肥机具宜采用40马力以上动力的拖拉机配套有机肥施肥机或自走式撒肥机。
 
　　整地、起垄机具宜采用40马力以上动力的拖拉机配套旋耕机、悬挂式起垄机，也可采用多功能田园管理机。
 
　　点击下方下载完整标准文本。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
相关资料下载：

DB32T 4276-2022FDIS.pdf

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上一篇： 安徽省DB34/T 4038-2021《稻-麦双免耕机械化生产技术规程》解读

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