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内蒙古DB15/T 3157—2023《小麦免耕播种机械作业技术规范》解读

2023-09-15 14:17:04 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：22979 评论

导读：该标准规定了小麦免耕播种机械作业的术语和定义、适播条件、播前准备、作业要求、注意事项、维护保养。适用于内蒙古干旱半干旱地区小麦免耕播种机械作业的技术要求。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2023年8月25日，内蒙古自治区市场监督管理局批准发布DB15/T 3157—2023《小麦免耕播种机作业技术规范》，该地方标准自2023年9月25日起实施。
 
　　该标准由内蒙古自治区农牧业机械标准化技术委员会(SAM/TC 06)提出并归口，由内蒙古自治区农牧业技术推广中心、呼伦贝尔市农牧技术推广中心、兴安盟农牧技术推广中心、通辽市农业技术推广中心、赤峰市农牧技术推广中心、呼和浩特海关技术中心。
 
　　该标准规定了小麦免耕播种机作业的术语和定义、适播条件、播前准备、作业要求、注意事项、维护保养。适用于内蒙古干旱半干旱地区小麦免耕播种机械作业的技术要求。
 
　　【播前准备】
 
　　地块——
 
　　作业地块应平坦或为缓坡地，集中连片，适宜机械化作业。
 
　　合理规划播种作业路线，减少边角地头空播面积或人工补播面积。
 
　　清除或标定影响免耕播种作业的田间杂物、田埂、障碍物等。
 
　　作物秸秆、残茬集堆或覆盖量影响到作业时，需进行秸秆粉碎、部分离田或表土处理。
 
　　机具——
 
　　免耕播种机开沟器要求开沟宽度窄、动土量小，且具有破茬切割秸秆和防壅堵功能；镇压器选择单体仿形机构；大型免耕播种机应安装划行器或智能导航系统。
 
　　按照产品使用说明书，对机具进行作业前检查、调试，保证各连接部件牢固无松动，传动件润滑良好、传动可靠，防护装置安全有效。
 
　　人员——
 
　　作业人员应具有拖拉机驾驶资质，并经过免耕播种机操作专业技能培训，了解相关技术要求。按产品使用说明书配备辅助作业人员。
 
　　作业前应认真阅读产品使用说明书，按产品使用说明书的规定进行作业、调试和维护操作。
 
　　作业人员不应在酒后或身体疲劳状态下作业。
 
　　【作业要求】
 
　　应进行试播作业，调试播种机达到预定的播种量、施肥量、播深、行距，并使各行排种、施肥量均匀一致。
 
　　按产品使用说明书和地块情况选择适宜作业路线及作业速度。
 
　　各行程接行准确一致，不重播、不漏行，邻接行距合格率不小于80%；中途不应无故停止作业，避免出现断条情况，断条率不大于2%。
 
　　田间掉头或排除故障时，按产品使用说明书要求进行操作。
 
　　播种量和施肥量应根据土壤肥力、小麦品种特性、目标产量，按照当地农艺要求确定。播种深度以2 cm～4 cm较为适宜，沙壤土或墒情不足时加深至4 cm～5 cm。
 
　　种肥采用分层侧位深施或分层正位深施；侧位深施应施在种子的侧下方2 cm～5 cm处，肥带宽度不小于3 c正位深施应施在种子正下方2 cm～5 cm，肥带宽度略大于种子播幅，肥条均匀连续。晾籽率、播种深度合格率应符合NY/T 1411要求。
 
　　【注意事项】
 
　　机具起步、接合动力、转弯、倒车前，应鸣喇叭，观察附近状况，提前警示辅助人员和非工作人员撤离到非作业区域。
 
　　作业时应随时观察机具作业质量，有异常或故障时应停机、关闭发动机，检查并排除故障。播后镇压应严密紧实，不应出现架空现象。
 
　　应在地头添加种、肥，且数量应保证至少一个往返作业行程，避免作业中途停机。播种机作业时不应在划行器上站人，不应在机组前后走动。
 
　　种子拌药时，工作人员应戴手套、风镜和口罩等防护用具，工作完毕，及时清洗。其他安全要求应符合GB 10395.9的规定。
 
　　【维护保养】
 
　　每班作业后，应将机具上的泥土、杂物清除干净，并进行日常保养和检查。
 
　　每个作业季节完毕后，机具应按照产品使用说明书的要求进行维护保养。应进行除草、清洁、加注润滑油(脂)，易损件更换、维修等。
 
　　维护保养后机具应妥善存放。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。

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