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内蒙古DB15/T 2802—2022《河套平原灌区玉米机械籽粒直收栽培技术规程》

2023-05-19 13:58:07 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：34638 评论

导读：规定了内蒙古河套平原灌区玉米机械化籽粒直收技术的选地整地、品种选择、播种作业、田间管理及收获作业等技术内容。适用于内蒙古河套平原灌区玉米种植，相近生态区可参照执行。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2022年8月30日，内蒙古自治区市场监督管理局批准发布DB15/T 2802—2022《河套平原灌区玉米机械籽粒直收栽培技术规程》，该标准自2022年9月30日实施。
 
　　该标准由内蒙古自治区农牧厅提出，由内蒙古自治区农业标准化技术委员会(SAM/TC 20)归口，由内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院、巴彦淖尔市农牧科学研究所起草。
 
　　规定了内蒙古河套平原灌区玉米机械化籽粒直收技术的选地整地、品种选择、播种作业、田间管理及收获作业等技术内容。适用于内蒙古河套平原灌区玉米种植，相近生态区可参照执行。
 
　　选地：选择地势平坦，地力均匀、适宜机械化作业的地块。
 
　　整地：秋收后深翻、旋耕灭茬：机收后，及时进行田间残膜、残茬处理，撒施农家肥1000kg/667㎡-1500kg/667㎡，深翻30cm以上。
 
　　冬汇：在地表封冻前进行冬汇，灌水量80㎡/667㎡-100㎡/667㎡。
 
　　播前耙地：播种前进行耙地，深度为10cm-15cm，耙后碎土良好并根据土壤墒情及时镇压。
 
　　品种选择：选择国家审定、自治区审定或引种备案适宜当地种植的玉米籽粒直收品种，品种应符合DB15/T 1974，种子质量符合GB 4404.1单粒播质量要求。
 
　　播种——
 
　　播期：当10 cm土层温度稳定通过8 ℃～10 ℃时进行播种。
 
　　种植方式：大小行膜下滴灌采用40 cm+80 cm或40 cm+70 cm，黄灌采用60 cm等行距。
 
　　种植密度：5500株/667 m2～6000株/667 ㎡ 。
 
　　播种作业：采用玉米精量播种机一次完成施肥、覆膜、播种作业。播深3 cm～5 cm，种肥用量为玉米专用复合肥30kg/667㎡或磷酸二铵25kg/667㎡，种肥与种子距离应不涉于5cm。
 
　　田间管理——
 
　　除草：土壤封闭选用乙草胺·莠去津合剂、精异丙甲草胺·莠去津合剂、精异丙甲草胺·津去津·噻吩磺隆合剂、在玉米4-5叶期选用茎叶草剂烟嘧磺隆·硝磺草酮·莠去津合剂、烟嘧磺隆·莠去津合剂。用法用量及操作依照GB/T 8321.6和GB/T 8321.7的规定。
 
　　追肥：拔节期结合中耕追施尿素10kg/667㎡-15kg/667㎡；大喇叭口期灌水追施尿素15kg/667㎡-20kg/667㎡。
 
　　灌水：在拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄吐丝期、灌浆期及时灌溉，整下生育期水量控制在180㎡/667㎡-230㎡/667㎡。
 
　　虫害防治：拔节后根据病虫害情况及时防治。采用机械喷药或者无人机飞防，重点防治红蜘蛛，防治方法参照GB/T 8321.10。
 
　　收获时期：生理成熟15 d后，籽粒含水率小于等于25.0%。
 
　　收获：采用谷物联合收获机或玉米专用收粒机进行收获，收获条件符合GB/T 21962规定。
 
　　收获质量：籽粒破碎率小于等于5.0%，总损失率小于等于5.0%，籽粒含杂率小于等于3.0%。
 
　　烘干：收获后籽粒应及时晾晒或进行烘干作业，烘干质量符合GB/T 21017规定。
 
　　收获后处理——
 
　　秸秆处理：机械收粒后，秸秆粉碎还田或打捆离田。
 
　　残膜回收：选择滚筒式地膜捡拾机回收残膜，地膜回收率达80%以上，残膜含杂率低于30%。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 

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