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内蒙古《土默特灌区籽粒机械直收春玉米品种生态适应性评价规范》

2023-05-12 11:48:49 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：35501 评论

导读：适用于土默特灌区中熟春玉米籽粒机械化收获区域的生态适应性评价。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2023年3月28日，内蒙古自治区市场监督管理局批准发布了DB15/T 2944—2023《土默特灌区籽粒机械直收春玉米品种生态适应性评价规范》，自2023年4月28日开始实施。
 
　　该标准由内蒙古自治区农牧厅提出，由内蒙古自治区农业标准化技术委员会(SAM/TC 20)归口，由内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院、包头市农牧技术科学研究所、内蒙古大学、中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心起草。
 
　　规定了内蒙古中西部中熟春玉米增密宜籽粒机收品种生态适应性评价规范的相关指标及评价方法和步骤，包括选地要求、品种要求、品种气候条件、播种时间、出苗率、收获密度、生育期要求、植株性状要求、植株抗倒性要求、籽粒含水量要求、籽粒机械化收获作业要求、玉米籽粒机械化收获品种生态适应性评价方法及步骤等。适用于土默特灌区中熟春玉米籽粒机械化收获区域的生态适应性评价，包括呼和浩特市、包头市、巴彦淖尔市等≥10 ℃活动积温2500 ℃～2700 ℃之间的中熟玉米生态区，其相似生态区可参照执行。
 
　　玉米籽粒机械直收——玉米成熟时，指利用玉米籽粒联合收获机具在平米成熟期一次性完成摘穗、剥离苞叶、脱粒、分离并初清选后，将收获籽粒送入收割机谷物储存仓的过程。
 
　　【生态指标】
 
　　土壤肥力：土壤有机质含量≥1.0%,土壤PH≤7.5，其他指标符合GB 15618要求。
 
　　活动积温：5月至9月≥10 ℃的活动积温≥2700 ℃。
 
　　无霜期≥125 d。
 
　　降雨量：4月至9月降水量≥200 mm。
 
　　年日照时数≥2500 h。
 
　　【品种指标】
 
　　活动积温：出苗到成熟≥10 ℃的活动积温≤2700 ℃。
 
　　耐密性：适宜种植密度≥5000株/667㎡。
 
　　抗倒性：收获期间伏倒折率之和≤5%。
 
　　抗病虫性：成熟期茎基腐病株率≤5%，收获期籽粒霉变率≤0.2%；玉米螟抗性中抗以上。
 
　　籽粒含水量：生理成熟后15d籽粒含水量≤25%。
 
　　特征特性：穗位整齐一致。
 
　　丰产性：籽粒产量不低于当地主推品种。
 
　　收获指标：果穗落粒损失率≤2%，果穗落地损失率≤5%，籽粒破碎率≤1.5%。
 
　　【评价方法】
 
　　适应性试验：在同一适宜生态区，选择具有代表性的试验点5个以上，开展籽粒机械化收获品种适应性评价试验。小区面积≥300 m2，种植密度5000株/667 m2～5500株/667 m2。
 
　　指标测定：调查各试验点生态指标、品种指标、机械化收获指标。
 
　　综合评价：品种适应生态指标，在达到相应品种指标和收获指标的基础上，以机收籽粒产量为主效因子进行综合评判。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 

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