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山西省DB14/T 2298-2021《遥控旋翼无人植保机作业规程》

2023-03-23 13:45:59 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：16095 评论

导读：适用于载荷量≥10 L，飞行速度≤15 m/s，相对作物飞行高度≤20 m的农用遥控式单旋翼、多旋翼无人植保机。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2021年8月16日，山西省市场监督管理局批准发布DB14/T 2298-2021《遥控旋翼无人植保机作业规程》，该地方标准自2021年11月16日起实施。

　　该标准由山西省农业机械标准化技术委员会归口，山西省农业机械发展中心起草。规定了遥控旋翼无人植保机开展植保作业时，作业前准备要求、作业时间选择、作业现场环 境指标和工作要求，以及作业前中后多环节注意事项和对操作人员、辅助作业人员的工作要求和安全注意事项。适用于载荷量≥10 L，飞行速度≤15 m/s，相对作物飞行高度≤20 m的农用遥控式单旋翼、多旋翼无人植保机。
 
　　飞防作业技术要求：
 
　　在机场净空区、飞行管控区周边作业时，与禁飞区域保持≥1 ㎞的安全距离。必要时在作业区和禁飞区中线位置安装防护网，作业时飞行高度低于防护网高度。
 
　　作业时空气能见度≥1 km，作业区域应为空旷、视野开阔的区域，且有合适的起飞和降落场地。
 
　　无自主飞行功能的无人植保机在障碍物(树木、电线杆)较多的区域作业时，应采用手控作业模式，保证飞行高度，同时确保无人植保机的载重量≤额定载荷的 80%。
 
　　在公路(高速公路)、铁路干线等周边进行植保飞防作业时，应与道路保持≥300 m 的安全距离，操控无人植保机按照平行于公路、铁路线的方向进行作业飞行。
 
　　在变电站、高压线路等周边作业时，应保持≥100 m 的安全距离，以防高压线路对遥控器和无人植保机之间连接信号链路的干扰，避免造成失控。
 
　　飞防作业环境温度应在 15 ℃～30 ℃之间，禁止在≤0 ℃、≥35 ℃时进行作业。
 
　　飞防作业技术规范：
 
　　飞防作业应在自然风速≤3 m/s 的情况下实施。杀虫杀菌应在≤5.4 m/s 风速作业。除草剂应在
 
　　≤3.3 m/s 风速作业。当自然风﹥3 m/s 时应采取有效的应对措施，确保喷洒药物不会偏离标靶作物。当自然风速≥6 m/s 时，应停止飞防作业。
 
　　作业时按照作物高度和生长特性，选择不同的作业模式或人工设置合适飞行高度、速度、流量以及雾化程度等参数。
 
　　在斜坡和梯田地块作业时，应手控无人植保机按照等高线飞行，按照由高向低的顺序飞防作业。
 
　　作业时，无人植保机应按照“梭”形作业路线，保持匀速飞行，飞行速度应保持在 3 m/s ～7 m/s， 飞行高度保持在高于作物 1.6 m～ 6 m，如遇起伏地块或作物生长高度变化较大，应及时转换为手控飞行控制高度。
 
　　同一地块或区域有 2 架及以上无人植保机同时作业时，要事先做好路线规划，避免作业区域重叠或遗漏，也可避免撞机事故。
 
　　操控手应站在上风处，避免农药中毒。应背对阳光进行操控作业，避免视觉影响。
 
　　作业过程中操控手和辅助作业人员必须密切关注无人植保机的飞行姿态、位置，如辅助人员先发现飞行异常，应及时发出信号，提醒操控手进行操控和调整。
 
　　作业时，应有熟悉作业区域环境、植保作业技术和飞防经验的辅助人员协助作业。辅助人员在飞防作业时，负责检查作业区域是否存在影响安全的隐患；检查无人植保机飞防是否越过警示线，现场   喷施、沉降、效果等是否符合标准。
 
　　在作业区域内，以中心航线为轴，纵向间隔 10 m，横向间隔 5 m，矩阵式布局，分别在作物中部、中下部、底部叶片处固定水敏纸，对作业效果进行评估。
 
　　飞防作业后续工作：
 
　　检查水敏纸上的雾滴数量，1 cm2 有 10 到 30 个雾滴数的水敏纸为有效水敏纸，表明施药有效。如无效量≥30%时，要重新进行补飞或人工进行补喷作业，直至达标为止。
 
　　应于当日清洁无人植保机内外部分，清洗喷头、滤网、药箱等，擦拭清洁无人植保机体、遥控器表面等。
 
　　应做好备用电池、对讲机、充电器等相关附件的归并、整理与清洁。
 
　　应对剩余农药、清洁药箱的废液、农药包装物、容器等妥善处理，不得随意倾倒、丢弃，避免造成污染。
 
　　应在作业地块路口和周围设立警示标志，警示标记应说明严禁人员、畜禽进入施药地块的时限。
 
　　操控手和辅助人员应及时更换工作服，用洗洁剂清洗手、脸等部位。有条件的要及时沐浴更衣。
 
　　根据药物的特性，防治虫害应在每个作业区 24 h、48 h、72 h 后，防治病害应在每个作业区完成后的 3 d、7 d 后，随机采样的方法调查防治效果。
 
　　经检查，对防治效果进行评估，并确定下次作业的时间和方案。
 
　　操控手和辅助作业人员应全程做好作业和检查结果统计分析。
 
　　点击下方下载完整标准文件。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 
相关资料下载：

DB14T2298-2021FDIS.pdf

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