山西省DB14/T 1593-2018《玉米机械化秸秆还田轮耕技术规程》,山西省,玉米机械化秸秆还田轮耕技术-农机网
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地点： 呼和浩特市
开展时间： 2023-03-26
举办单位： 内蒙古农牧业产业化龙头企业协会、内蒙古绿色与有机食品协会、亚洲牛业协会、亚洲羊业协会
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地点： 北京市
开展时间： 2023-04-20
举办单位： 中国农业工程学会、中国农业国际合作促进会
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地点： 石家庄市
开展时间： 2023-04-20
举办单位： 河北省奶业协会
山西省DB14/T 1593-2018《玉米机械化秸秆还田轮耕技术规程》
2023-03-10
11:58:55
来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：27614
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导读：该标准由由山西省农业科学院提出并归口，山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心起草，规定了玉米机械化秸秆还田轮耕的的术语和定义。 适用于中晚熟玉米区水浇地和高肥旱地的机械化耕作作业。
【农机网 政策与标准】2018年1月10日，山西省市场监督管理局批准发布DB14/T 1593-2018《玉米机械化秸秆还田轮耕技术规程》，该地方标准自2018年3月10日起实施。
该标准由由山西省农业科学院提出并归口，山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心起草，规定了玉米机械化秸秆还田轮耕的的术语和定义。 适用于中晚熟玉米区水浇地和高肥旱地的机械化耕作作业。
田间秸秆处理——
秸秆粉碎还田：采用
玉米收获机收获时，田间秸秆全部粉碎，留茬高度≤10 cm、秸秆粉碎长度≤10 cm、合格率≥ 95%，其他作业质量应符合NY/T 500 规定要求；采用人工收获玉米果穗后，田间秸秆可用锤片式
秸秆粉碎机粉碎，留茬高度≤10 cm、秸秆粉碎长度≤10 cm、合格率≥90%。
秸秆直接还田：玉米收获后，不粉碎秸秆，直接还田。
秸秆覆盖还田：粉碎的秸秆应均匀覆盖地表，注意在粉碎秸秆表面适度增加土壤覆盖量。
土壤轮耕——
轮耕模式：中晚熟玉米区休闲期适宜的土壤轮耕模式是“深松→免耕”模式、“深松→翻耕”模式或者“深松→免耕→翻耕”模式。即隔1～2a轮换深松、免耕或翻耕作业，在不同年份间形成“深松→免耕”2年轮耕模式、“深松→翻耕”2年轮耕模式或“深松→免耕→翻耕”3a轮耕模式。
深松——
深松作业：深松作业为选择性作业，一般隔1～2年进行。前茬实施免耕或翻耕作业1～2a后，可选择深松作业。土壤重量含水量10%～15%或土壤湿度达到田间持水量的40%～60%时较为适宜深松作业。
时间：在前茬玉米收获、将秸秆粉碎覆盖后尽早实施。
要求：不翻动土壤，不破坏地表覆盖，深松深度30 cm～35 cm。在冬春季休闲期风大的地区，可选择秋季玉米收获后整秸秆覆盖深松。深松作业质量符合NY/T 1418的要求。
方式：局部深松时，机具采用凿型铲或者其他适宜的
深松机，深松间隔40 cm～60 cm。全方位深松时，机具采用V形全方位深松机或者其他适宜的深松机。
免耕——
条件：免耕作业为选择性作业，不要求每年进行，一般隔1～2a进行。前茬实施深松或者翻耕作业1～2年后，可选择免耕作业。
时间：在前茬玉米收获、将秸秆粉碎覆盖后实施。
要求：不采取任何疏松或者翻转土壤作业，冬闲期间保留全部残茬。在冬春季休闲期风大的地区，可选择秋季玉米收获后整秸秆覆盖地表。
方式：不进行深松或者翻耕作业，也不采取任何表土作业。
翻耕——
条件：翻耕作业为选择性作业，一般隔1～2a进行。前茬实施深松或者免耕1～2a后，可选择翻耕作业。若农田施用有机肥，可选择翻耕，将有机肥翻埋于耕层土壤中。一般在土壤重量含水量10%～15%或土壤湿度达到田间持水量的40%～60%时翻耕。
时间：在前茬玉米收获、将秸秆粉碎覆盖后尽早实施。
要求：全面翻转土壤，翻埋秸秆残茬或有机肥，翻耕深度20 cm～25 cm，地表疏松裸露。
方式：采用铧式犁全面翻耕土壤。
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