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山西省DB14/T 1593-2018《玉米机械化秸秆还田轮耕技术规程》

2023-03-10 11:58:55 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：34297 评论

导读：该标准由由山西省农业科学院提出并归口，山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心起草，规定了玉米机械化秸秆还田轮耕的的术语和定义。 适用于中晚熟玉米区水浇地和高肥旱地的机械化耕作作业。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2018年1月10日，山西省市场监督管理局批准发布DB14/T 1593-2018《玉米机械化秸秆还田轮耕技术规程》，该地方标准自2018年3月10日起实施。
 
　　该标准由由山西省农业科学院提出并归口，山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心起草，规定了玉米机械化秸秆还田轮耕的的术语和定义。 适用于中晚熟玉米区水浇地和高肥旱地的机械化耕作作业。
 
　　田间秸秆处理——
 
　　秸秆粉碎还田：采用玉米收获机收获时，田间秸秆全部粉碎，留茬高度≤10 cm、秸秆粉碎长度≤10 cm、合格率≥ 95%，其他作业质量应符合NY/T 500 规定要求；采用人工收获玉米果穗后，田间秸秆可用锤片式秸秆粉碎机粉碎，留茬高度≤10 cm、秸秆粉碎长度≤10 cm、合格率≥90%。
 
　　秸秆直接还田：玉米收获后，不粉碎秸秆，直接还田。
 
　　秸秆覆盖还田：粉碎的秸秆应均匀覆盖地表，注意在粉碎秸秆表面适度增加土壤覆盖量。
 
　　土壤轮耕——
 
　　轮耕模式：中晚熟玉米区休闲期适宜的土壤轮耕模式是“深松→免耕”模式、“深松→翻耕”模式或者“深松→免耕→翻耕”模式。即隔1～2a轮换深松、免耕或翻耕作业，在不同年份间形成“深松→免耕”2年轮耕模式、“深松→翻耕”2年轮耕模式或“深松→免耕→翻耕”3a轮耕模式。
 
　　深松——
 
　　深松作业：深松作业为选择性作业，一般隔1～2年进行。前茬实施免耕或翻耕作业1～2a后，可选择深松作业。土壤重量含水量10%～15%或土壤湿度达到田间持水量的40%～60%时较为适宜深松作业。
 
　　时间：在前茬玉米收获、将秸秆粉碎覆盖后尽早实施。
 
　　要求：不翻动土壤，不破坏地表覆盖，深松深度30 cm～35 cm。在冬春季休闲期风大的地区，可选择秋季玉米收获后整秸秆覆盖深松。深松作业质量符合NY/T 1418的要求。
 
　　方式：局部深松时，机具采用凿型铲或者其他适宜的深松机，深松间隔40 cm～60 cm。全方位深松时，机具采用V形全方位深松机或者其他适宜的深松机。
 
　　免耕——
 
　　条件：免耕作业为选择性作业，不要求每年进行，一般隔1～2a进行。前茬实施深松或者翻耕作业1～2年后，可选择免耕作业。
 
　　时间：在前茬玉米收获、将秸秆粉碎覆盖后实施。
 
　　要求：不采取任何疏松或者翻转土壤作业，冬闲期间保留全部残茬。在冬春季休闲期风大的地区，可选择秋季玉米收获后整秸秆覆盖地表。
 
　　方式：不进行深松或者翻耕作业，也不采取任何表土作业。
 
　　翻耕——
 
　　条件：翻耕作业为选择性作业，一般隔1～2a进行。前茬实施深松或者免耕1～2a后，可选择翻耕作业。若农田施用有机肥，可选择翻耕，将有机肥翻埋于耕层土壤中。一般在土壤重量含水量10%～15%或土壤湿度达到田间持水量的40%～60%时翻耕。
 
　　时间：在前茬玉米收获、将秸秆粉碎覆盖后尽早实施。
 
　　要求：全面翻转土壤，翻埋秸秆残茬或有机肥，翻耕深度20 cm～25 cm，地表疏松裸露。
 
　　方式：采用铧式犁全面翻耕土壤。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 

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上一篇： 重庆DB50/T 277-2021《微耕机配套用旋耕刀通用技术条件》解读

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