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内蒙古DBl5/T 312—2022《机械化耕地作业技术规范》解读

2023-03-09 14:42:02 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：31091 评论

导读：该标准规定了耕地机械的作业基本要求、作业技术规程、安全作业注意事项以及保养与存放。适用于旱作大田22.1 kW以上拖拉机配套的耕地机械。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2022年1月25日，内蒙古DBl5/T 312—2022《机械化耕地作业技术规范》由内蒙古自治区市场监督管理局批准发布，该地方标准自2022年2月25日起实施。
 
　　该标准由内蒙古自治区农牧业机械标准化技术委员会(SAM/TC 06)提出并归口，由内蒙古自治区农牧业技术推广中心、赤峰市农牧技术推广中心、内蒙古自治区农村合作经济经营管理站、内蒙古自治区农畜产品质量安全中心、包头市农业机械技术培训推广服务站、赤峰市熬汉旗农牧局。

　　该标准规定了耕地机械的作业基本要求、作业技术规程、安全作业注意事项以及保养与存放。适用于旱作大田22.1 kW以上拖拉机配套的耕地机械。
 
　　作业准备：
 
　　按照机具使用说明书的要求，对作业机具进行全面检查，调整和保养。
 
　　检查配套拖拉机的技术状态，液压系统应操作灵活可靠，调整自如。
 
　　根据田块规模、土壤条件等因素综合考虑，合理选择机具和作业路线。
 
　　按照机具使用说明书的要求将机具与配套拖拉机正确连接。
 
　　配套动力应根据不同土壤条件，按照机具使用说明书要求选配，必要时增加配重，保证机组的纵向稳定性。
 
　　检查机具运转情况，各运动件应灵活可靠，紧固件无松动，整机工作状态应良好。
 
　　正式作业前应进行试作业。
 
　　作业技术规程——
 
　　根据田块规模、土壤条件等因素，确定合适的作业方式。
 
　　机组(正确连接的拖拉机和机具，下同)进入作业现场，启动拖拉机后输出轴，缓慢增加转动部件转速，达到使用说明书转速要求后方可起步进行试作业。机组试作业时，缓慢入土。
 
　　机具在下降时，应控制下降速度，以免突然下落损坏机具。机组作业到地头转弯过地埂时，应将机具提起，减速行驶。
 
　　机组的作业速度应严格按照使用说明书要求执行，并根据土壤条件和秸秆还田量合理选定。
 
　　试作业距离不小于 30 m，停机检查作业质量，满足要求后方可投入使用。否则应对机具重新进行调整。
 
　　犁地作业重耕率应小于 5 %，漏耕率要小于 2.5 %，作业质量应符合 NY/T 742 规定。
 
　　旋耕作业碎土率应不低于 60 %，旋耕后地表平整度应小于 4 cm，作业质量应符合 NY/T 499 规定。
 
　　深松深度合格率应不小于 85 %，作业质量应符合NY/T 2845 规定。
 
　　安全作业注意事项——
 
　　机具作业前，应全面了解地块条件，制定具体的作业路线。
 
　　停止作业时，应将变速操作杆置于空档，断开电源总开关，使用刹车机构使车驻车稳定。工作时，操作人员应提高警惕，听到异常响声，应立即切断动力，停车检查，排除故障。拖拉机安全应符合GB 18447.1 规定。
 
　　驱动式耕作机械安全应符合 GB 10395.5 规定。
 
　　机具进行田间运输时，应切断动力，并将机具提升到最大高度，降低速度，防止发生事故。调整、保养、维修、清理杂草等操作时，应在关闭发动机、零部件停止运转后进行。
 
　　作业中，机具上不能坐人或放置重物。
 
　　作业中，不应对作业机组进行检修，检修时应停机进行。
 
　　保养与存放——
 
　　作业前应检查传动链条和皮带的张紧度；检查冷却液液面高度，液压油箱液面高度。作业后应及时清理机具上缠草，泥土；对磨损部件及时更换、维修。
 
　　发动机的班保养应按柴油机使用说明书进行。
 
　　作业季节结束，应对机械全面清理，存放在通风、干燥的库房中。入库时，应卸下或放松所有皮带；滚轮、轴承等零件应注入润滑脂，链条、链轮、旋耕刀等零件应涂上防锈油。
 
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 

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