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智能农机推广存在的问题与对策建议

2022-12-09 09:46:16 来源:甘肃省定西市农机化服务中心 阅读量:18215 评论

导读:千百年来“面朝黄土背朝天,风吹日晒满身汗”的农民,如今“拿着手机搞田管,机器轰鸣人清闲”。

  【农机网 地方农机】近年来,甘肃省定西市智能化农业机械在农业生产中大显身手,收获产量监测、农业无人机植保、农机无人驾驶、农机深松作业监测、农机管理信息系统等智能化装备在农业生产中大量应用。千百年来“面朝黄土背朝天,风吹日晒满身汗”的农民,如今“拿着手机搞田管,机器轰鸣人清闲”。
 
  一、存在的问题
 
  智能化农机赋能现代农业,降低了人力成本和时间成本,提高了农业生产效率,也提升了农产品质量安全水平,回答了“谁来种地、如何种地”的时代之问,助力现代农业跑出了“加速度”,打开了乡村振兴的新空间。定西市在不断探索智能农机装备在农业生产中的应用中,走在全省前列,也积累了定西经验和创造了定西模式,蹚出了智能农机发展的成功之路,但也存在着一些问题:
 
  一是受地理条件限制。定西市地处黄土高原、青藏高原和西秦岭交汇地带,大部分为黄土丘陵沟壑区,是典型的丘陵地区,农业机械化水平与平原相比严重滞后,何况是智能农机在农业生产中的应用。这一地域现状,决定了智能化农机设备必须具备简单便捷、可操作性强、性能稳定、环境适应性强等特点,这就需要成熟的智造技术作支撑。农民感叹“大型机械不能用,小型机械笨又傻(功能单一),智能机械不会用”。
 
  二是推广应用受制约。智能农机对“互联网+”基础要求高,“网络信号不覆盖,智能设备是摆设”。目前定西市部分偏远乡镇由于网络信号不覆盖,对信息监测不到、信号盲区、省县交界范围辖区信息识别错误等原因不能上传远程监测数据,而采取人工核查。受观念、技术、资金、政策等因素制约,农机服务组织、农机大户大都是沿袭传统的单一耕种收作业作业模式 ,不能引进无人植保飞机,北斗导航无人驾驶等先进装备开展作业服务。
 
  三是智能平台功能单一。目前,农机智能管理信息信息平台只在农机深松作业中得到充分的应用,农机深松作业信息化监管服务系统采用卫星定位、无线通讯技术和深松机具状态监测传感技术,实现对农机深松作业过程、面积、深度等参数实时准确监测,支持深松作业数据统计分析、图形化显示、作业机具管理、作业视频监控与合作社管理等功能。即使是今年安定区建立了数字农业智慧农机大数据平台,但目前平台的作业也局限于农机深松作业的监管,还是信息化程度较低,农机资源利用不足,机械和作业缺乏科学的选型,没有让更多的农机忙起来、动起来。
 
  四是智能化农机技术人才短缺。千里马要有好骑手,智能农机离不开好机手。眼下智能化农机技术人才短缺,制约着智能农机的推广应用。当前,定西市的农机实用技术培训仅限于传统农机作业、技术、维修等的培训,而现代农机手普遍希望加强自动导航、无人驾驶、精准作业、智能监测、物联网、“互联网+农机作业平台”等机械化信息化融合装备与配套农艺技术培训。
 
  二、应对措施
 
  当前,定西市发展农机智能化正逢其时。从市场层面看,各类新型经营主体需求日趋旺盛,“机器换人”步伐加快;从政策层面看,近年来中央一号文件和各省市均要求加快智能化农机研发、应用和推广;从技术层面看,5G技术、卫星导航技术、电液控制技术、作业监测等现代农机装备技术趋于成熟。为此,定西们必须抓住机遇,顺势而为,加强农机智能化应用,推进农业机械化全程全面发展,给农业插上科技创新的金翅膀,让越来越多的农民挑上农业现代化的“金扁担”。
 
  一是建设智慧农机综合管理系统。农机信息管理平台主要针对农田、托管服务组织、农机专业合作社、维修服务站、农机大户、培训机构等的数据采集及存储、管理、查询分析。通过搭建智慧农机综合管理系统,把农机信息平台数据通过依托卫星定位,采集作业机具数据,把数据传回服务器,服务器对数据进行分析、运算,生成县乡(镇)合作社、机手、农户可以查看的数据。同时对县域各乡镇的作业面积、今日面积、昨日面积、总面积、达标面积、今年作业农机数量以已审核面积分类统计,一目了然。农机作业监管数据平台在某种程度上实现农机信息化资源“一张网”以及调度服务“一张图”的机制。
 
  二是加快新型农机操作手培训。加快新型农机操作手培育步伐,通过开办农民夜校、技校等方式补足“技能”短板,调动农民的积极性、主动性和创造性。当前,农机手普遍希望加强自动导航、无人驾驶、精准作业、智能监测、物联网、“互联网+农机作业平台”等机械化信息化融合装备与配套农艺技术培训。智能农机操作对农艺水平要求高,根据农机农艺结合的要求,应在对农机手的培训中增加农艺内容,使机手既懂农机又懂农艺;同理,对农艺人员的培训也要增加农机内容。要规划建设智能化机艺融合培训示范基地,加快技艺融合科技成果转化、技术试验推广、服务机制创新,示范引领智能化农机农艺融合发展。
 
  三是推进农业机械化大数据应用。应以“新基建”和数字乡村建设为契机,加快推进农村信息基础建设,使网络信息无死角、全天候、低成本覆盖,为农机化与信息化融合提供强有力支撑,让智能农机“耳聪目明”、有劲使得出。同时推进农机大数据互联互通,构建完善的大数据应用系统,提供各类数据信息服务。将各项工作综合整合,有效解决农业信息“碎片化”问题,形成农业信息的互联互通,各项业务工作方便共享数据资源。融合智慧农业云平台,发挥农业大数据资源中心的优势,为智慧农机作业服务与农业生产经营提供科学、可靠的生产托管、农业植保、病虫害防治以及气象“私人定制”等全方位服务,打通各个地区的智慧农机服务平台的对接通道。
 
  四是加大政策扶持力度。通过农机购置补贴,设置专项资金用于农机合作社等农机社会化服务主体购置使用智慧农机。适当对大中型拖拉机、联合收获机、植防飞机等机械设备中加装北斗导航、智能监控设备给予适当政策补贴,提升现有农机的信息化和智能化水平。通过政策补助,鼓励农业生产者以互联网为载体,进行预约、订单等电子商务服务,并大力普及农机app为种地农民第一时间获取农机信息和农机大户有效办理购机补贴提供全方位的优质服务。
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