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油菜毯状苗机械化移栽技术为何受种植大户青睐?

2022-10-19 14:23:39 来源:农机网整理发布 阅读量:33392 评论

导读:由南京农业机械化研究所和扬州大学合作研发的油菜毯状苗机械化移栽技术改变了传统的育苗和移栽方式。

  【农机网 热点关注】我国油菜是我国重要的油料作物,提供了57%的国产食用植物油。油菜常年种植面积近1亿亩,长江流域占90%,分布在长江上、中、下游地区,其中30-40%因轮作茬口或因气候条件等原因限制,不具备直接播种的条件,必须采用育苗移栽方式种植。据了解,湖南省永州市祁阳县今年已落实油菜种植面积36.5万亩,综合机械化率超过80%。
 
  在2020年,由南京农业机械化研究所和扬州大学合作研发的油菜毯状苗机械化移栽技术改变了传统的育苗和移栽方式,将油菜苗培育成机插水稻苗一样的盘根成毯的毯状苗,移栽机切块对缝插栽,具有高效高产、适应能力强等显著优势近年来,已深受油菜种植大户青睐。
 
  油菜毯状苗机械化高效移栽技术是“世界首创、国际领先”的新型移栽技术,是对传统大苗裸苗人工移栽或现有的钵体苗机械化、半机械化移栽技术的革命。该技术具有作业效率高、土壤适应性强和增产效果显著等突出优势。
 
  作业效率高。单行移栽频率正常作业可达220-300次/分,整机4.2-6亩/小时,是人工移栽的40-60倍,是链夹式移栽机的5-8倍,即使与世界最先进的全自动旱地移栽机相比提高效率200%以上,创造了世界上旱地移栽的最高栽植频率和作业效率。
 
  适应性强。现有移栽机针对旱地移栽条件而开发,对土壤条件要求高,不能满足稻后田移栽。油菜毯状苗移栽技术采用主动波纹圆盘开窄沟、切挤镇压相结合的覆土合缝机构,在没有或不能进行土壤精耕细整的条件下,实现了稻茬田油菜高效移栽。
 
  增产效果显著。多年多点试验表明:与同期直播油菜相比平均增产30%以上,按36公斤菜籽计算,增加效益110元/亩(扣除育苗成);与人工大苗移栽产量持平,节省育苗移栽成本120元。因此节本增效110-120元/亩。该技术栽植密度可达到10000-13000穴/亩,比人工移栽增加苗数2倍以上,避免了稀植多分枝给机械收获带来不便。
 
  技术通用性好。油菜毯状苗移栽机与乘坐式水稻插秧机底盘通用,部分部件通用,降低移栽机的造价和使用成本。育苗所用秧盘与水稻育秧盘通用,水稻育秧的设施也可以用于油菜育苗。油菜毯状苗机械化高效移栽技术也可用于青菜类、芹菜、芥菜等蔬菜育苗移栽,用途广泛。
 
  据了解,2014至2016年,该技术已在江苏、安徽、湖北、四川、上海等油菜主产区推广应用,与同期直播油菜相比平均增产30%以上,平均省工节本每亩110元以上,如该技术全面应用,每年长江流域油菜种植可省工节本增效33亿元。此外,该技术还适应于各类青菜、芹菜、芥菜等一些蔬菜的育苗移栽,适用面积约4000万亩以上。
 
  日前,由农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所穗粒类收获机械团队研发的油菜毯状苗联合移栽技术在江苏实施转化,创制的2ZGK-6型联合移栽机已实现批量生产。
 
  注:本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布,资料来源:湖南省农机事务中心、红网、宜昌市农业科学研究院。
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