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山西省《DB14/T 2302-2021丘陵山区农田宜机化改造技术规范》解读

2022-09-19 15:32:53 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：30571 评论

导读：该标准适用于山西省范围内开展的丘陵山区农田宜机化改造建设活动。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】自2018年起，山西省在全省范围内开展了丘陵山区农田宜机化改造试点工作，为在北方黄土丘陵区开展宜机化改造积累了经验。从装备情况来看，山西省丘陵山区农机总动力仅占全省的42.2%，且微耕机和50马力(1马力约等于0.735 kW)以下的中小型机械占比较大，部分深丘地区能达到50%以上。2021年8月16日，山西省市场监督管理局批准发布了《DB14/T 2302-2021丘陵山区农田宜机化改造技术规范》，该标准自2021年11月16日起实施。
 
　　该标准由山西省农业农村厅提出并监督实施、由山西省农业机械标准化技术委员会归口、由山西省农业机械发展中心起草。该标准规定了丘陵山区农田宜机化改造的建设区域选择、改造田块条件、建设内容、技术要求、勘察设计、管理要求及工程管护要求。适用于山西省范围内开展的丘陵山区农田宜机化改造建设活动。
 
　　技术要求：
 
　　建设区域内防御标准为二十年一遇6h最大降雨量。
 
　　田块坡度≤5º的地块宜改造为水平条田。改造后的条田，田块长度应≥100m，宽≥30m，或单个田块面积≥0.333hm2。
 
　　田块坡度>5º的地块宜通过坡改梯改造为梯田。改造后的梯田，田块长度应≥80m，宽≥10m，或单个田块面积≥0.133hm2。梯田田坎设计应按照安全稳定、占地少、工程量小的原则，因地制宜选择田坎材料。水平梯田断面尺寸可按照GB/T16453.1-2008附录A中的参考数值选取。
 
　　除水平条田外，改造后的耕作田块，单块旱地纵向坡降应≤10%，横向坡降应≤3%。
 
　　田块归并整形应结合地形，按照“大弯就势、小弯取直”的原则进行。改造后的田块形状应尽量规整、无作业死角，田边顺直，田面相对平整。
 
　　田块方向应根据地形、日照、风向及土地承包权属进行布置。
 
　　土地平整后，田块有效土层厚度应≥0.5m，其中耕作层厚度应≥0.25m。
 
　　田间道路应优先结合建设区域内现有田间道路进行布设，合理规划道路密度，尽量少占耕地和割裂田块；改造后，农业机械通达率应达到100%。
 
　　田间道路设计行驶速度为15km/h，特殊困难路段，按10km/h计算。
 
　　田间道路路基宽度应≥3.5m，路面宽度应≥3m，设置路肩的路段，路肩宽度应为0.5m。
 
　　田间道路路基压实度应符合NY/T2194-2012中4.2.3表4规定的要求。
 
　　新建田间道路路面宜采用砂砾石、碎石、混凝土等材质，在暴雨冲刷严重的区域，应采用硬化路面。各结构层厚度根据材料类型应符合NY/T2194-2012中4.3.2表5规定的要求。
 
　　一般情况下，田间道路纵向坡降宜≤10%，特殊困难路段可适当放宽。路拱横坡根据路面类型和当地自然条件设置，一般砂石路面横坡宜为3%～4%，硬化路面为1%～2%。
 
　　田间道路应设置坡口供农业机械进出地块。坡口宜设在田角，并尽可能避免与边沟交叉，如遇沟渠应埋设管涵处理。坡口形状宜为扇形，坡度应≤18%，宽度应≥2.5m。
 
　　田间道路纵坡>8%时，应设置边沟，边沟深度和宽度均应≥0.4m。
 
　　田间道路两侧为坡面，当坡面径流影响路基安全时，应设置截水沟及排水沟，其断面应满足输水能力、上下级沟道水位衔接、边坡稳定以及工程量轻简、便于施工等要求，断面尺寸根据设计流量计算确定。
 
　　可点击下方下载完整标准文件。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：山西省农业机械发展中心、地方标准信息公共服务平台。
相关资料下载：

DB14T2302-2021FDIS.pdf

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