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张家口市《DB1307/T357-2021荞麦机械化栽培技术规程》解读

2022-05-27 08:59:59 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：29722 评论

导读：我国荞麦主要分布在陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、山西、甘肃、云南、四川、贵州等地区。随着农业机械化水平的提升，荞麦收割及栽培均实用机械化技术，各地区制定并实施了相关技术标准。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】我国荞麦主要分布在陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、山西、甘肃、云南、四川、贵州等地区。随着农业机械化水平的提升，荞麦收割及栽培均实用机械化技术，各地区制定并实施了相关技术标准。
 
　　《DB1307/T357-2021荞麦机械化栽培技术规程》由张家口市农业农村局提出并归口，由张家口市农业科学院、张家口市食品药品检验中心、张家口市清水河滨河公园管理处、张家口市农机技术推广站共同起草，于2021年12月20日由张家口市市场监督管理局批准发布，于2022年1月20日实施。
 
　　该标准规定了荞麦机械化栽培的产地条件、整地、播种、施肥、杂草防除、病虫害防治、收获和生产档案规范。适用于张家口地区荞麦机械化栽培作业。
 
　　产地条件：要求地势平坦、有良好耕作基础、适宜机械化作业的旱滩地和旱坡地。以壤土为宜，选择土壤肥沃、有机质含量高、保肥蓄水能力强、通透性好、有良好排灌条件的地块。
 
　　整地——
 
　　整地要求：地块整体平整、上虚下实，田间无大土块和暗坷垃，无较大残株、残茬，达到播种状态。
 
　　整地方法：秋深耕，耕深20 cm～30 cm，春季旋耕，耕深15 cm～20 cm，及时镇压；亦可采取免秋耕种植技术。
 
　　播种施肥——
 
　　品种选择：选择适宜张家口地区种植的生育期适中、株型紧凑、抗落粒性强、抗逆性强、抗倒伏、丰产性好或功能性好的荞麦品种，甜荞如“冀甜荞1号”、“日本大粒”、“赤甜1号”、“冀红荞1号”等；苦荞品种如“冀苦荞1号”、“冀苦荞2号”等。种子质量符合GB 4404.3规定。
 
　　播种方式：可采用等距平作或宽窄行种植方式。等距平作，选用麦赛福格森mf9500播种机播种，甜荞行距20 cm～30 cm，株距8 cm～10 cm；苦荞行距30 cm～40 cm，株距株距10 cm。宽窄行种植采用2BQ-8荞麦精量播种机，甜荞宽行行距45 cm，窄行行距15 cm，株距8 cm；苦荞宽行行距50 cm，窄行行距15 cm，株距10 cm。
 
　　播种量：甜荞亩播量3 kg～4 kg，亩有效株数8～10 万株；苦荞亩播量2 kg～3 kg，亩有效株数6～8 万株。
 
　　播种期：要求5㎝地温稳定通过10 ℃以上，早熟品种播种一般在5月22日到6月10日；晚熟品种播种一般在5 月15日到5月25日。
 
　　播种机选择：选用荞麦专用播种机。可选择水平锥盘式排种器等距的播种机或可调节宽窄行播种机，具有播种、施肥分沟同步功能。可选用麦赛福格森mf9500播种机播种和2BQ-8荞麦精量播种机。
 
　　施肥：以农家肥为主做基肥，播前结合旋耕亩施入优质腐熟农家肥1 000 kg～1 500 kg，结合整地施入缓释复合肥(15-15-15)，含量45%，亩施量15 kg～20 kg后旋耕。
 
　　杂草防除：可用t30型无人机根据杂草种类及时期，合理使用除草剂喷洒，也可中耕除草用手推式小型中耕机或大型中耕机除草，幼苗长至6 cm～7 cm时第一次除草。第二次除草结合中耕在现蕾期进行，中耕深度3 cm～5 cm。
 
　　想了解详细内容，可点击下方下载标准完整文本。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：全国地方标准信息平台。
 
相关资料下载：

DB1307T357 FDIS.pdf

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上一篇： 临汾市《DB1410/T 121-2020小麦机械化撒播种植技术规程》解读

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