今日要闻

关于江苏省联合收割机购置和应用情况的调研报告

2022-05-18 09:17:10 来源:江苏省农业农村厅 阅读量:14084 评论

导读:江苏省联合收割机保有量为16.9万台,其中,稻麦联合收割机15.75万台,玉米联合收割机1.15万台,保有量总体充足。江苏省农机购置与应用补贴政策始终突出粮食等重要农产品稳产保供,联合收割机列入第一批补贴品目,实行应补尽补。

  【农机网 补贴动态
 
农业机械化情况2022年第9期
 
  编者按:今年以来,江苏省农业农村厅组织对本省联合收割机购置和使用情况进行了全面梳理,并对116台跨区作业联合收割机开展了跟踪调查。通过深入调研,基本掌握了江苏省联合收割机购置和应用的基本现状,分析了存在不足,提出了工作建议。现予摘要刊登,供各地交流参考。
 
  近年来,江苏省积极落实农机购置与应用补贴政策,农民购买联合收割机开展跨区机收作业,成为新时代的“麦客”,有力保障了粮食丰收,也增加了农民收入。近期,江苏省农业农村厅组织对本省联合收割机购置和使用情况进行了全面梳理,并对跨区作业的116台联合收割机开展了跟踪调查。调研结果显示,江苏省联合收割机购置和应用呈现机具数量多、效率高,机手驾龄长、技术好,作业面积大、损失小的特点,但也发现了一定不足,并提出了工作建议。
 
  一、基本现状
 
  (一)机具数量多,政策支持力度大。据统计,江苏省联合收割机保有量为16.9万台,其中,稻麦联合收割机15.75万台,玉米联合收割机1.15万台,保有量总体充足。江苏省农机购置与应用补贴政策始终突出粮食等重要农产品稳产保供,联合收割机列入第一批补贴品目,实行应补尽补。2021年以来,全省已补贴联合收割机1.65万台,使用补贴资金4.96亿元,占补贴资金总额的37%,平均每台补贴额为3万元。在绩效评价中,农机购置与应用补贴政策总体满意度达80%以上。
 
  (二)收获面积大,稳产保供支撑强。2021年,江苏省跨区作业联合收割机约为3.85万台,省外跨区作业量约为1.9亿亩,省内作业量7500万亩,据此测算,江苏省联合收割机全年作业面积约2.65亿亩。对116名参加跨区作业的机手进行跟踪调查,平均驾龄在10年以上,最长的超过30年,最短的也在5年以上。同等情况下,熟练机手比不熟练机手的收割作业损失率低1个百分点以上。2021年,通过开展机收减损大宣传、大培训、大比武,江苏省小麦、水稻平均损失率较往年下降近1个百分点,挽回粮食损失超过6亿斤。
 
  (三)作业效率高,农民增收效果好。熟练机手在作业路径规划、割台升降、滚筒调整、田头拐弯等方面操作技能强,在小田块或不规则田块,或遇到倒伏等情况,优势更为明显,收割速度比不熟练机手快1/3。正常年份,小麦机收价格约为60元/亩,水稻、玉米价格约为70元/亩。按平均每天作业10小时、每小时收割5亩计算,一台联合收割机每天收入3000元以上、每年收入15万元左右。2021年,因台风、阴雨等天气影响,部分地区粮食倒伏或田块湿烂,收割难度加大,收割作业收费有所升高,最多的机手一年赚了40万元,全年全省联合收割机作业收入在160亿元以上。
 
  (四)辐射带动强,协同发展空间广。联合收割机购置与应用带动了本省农机工业发展,2021年,全省农机工业主营业务收入1170亿元,利润100亿元以上。对机手的跟踪调查表明,通过合理作业,每亩作业面积可节约0.6升柴油,有助于实现农业绿色发展;通过组织机手积极参加机具检审、严格操作规程,能够强化农业安全生产,2021年全省联合收割机收割作业零伤亡事故;通过实施农机综合保险政策,农民购买保险享受财政给予的补贴,保障水平高达45万元,一旦发生事故,能够快速有效处置,提高防范能力。
 
  二、存在不足
 
  (一)国产联合收割机质量水平有待提升。目前,在江苏省销售的国产联合收割机质量性能与进口或合资品牌产品存在差距。据机手反映,国产联合收割机一般作业1000小时以后,故障率会明显增大,影响作业效率和质量。但国产联合收割机价格占优,比如,久保田牌98马力收割机售价18万元,而国产114马力收割机价格仅需11万元左右。因此,较多农民选择了价格较低的国产联合收割机,但在当年作业完毕后、产品“三包”期满前,再将国产联合收割机出售。国产联合收割机质量性能还有待提升。
 
  (二)农机维修和农机手技能培训有待进一步增强。对于参加跨区作业的联合收割机,农机维修仍面临一定问题。一是修理时间长。联合收割机跨区作业,远离城市和镇村,维修响应时间较长,按修理一天时间算,就意味着损失几千元。二是修理费用高。联合收割机零配件较贵,修理工时费用还没有统一标准。三是售后服务能力不足。“三夏”农忙季节,农机售后服务人员普遍高负荷工作,且维修人员能力参差不齐,有的维修效果难以达到需要。此外,随着联合收割机向大型化、智能化发展,对机手操作技能的要求越来越高,机手技能培训还有提升空间。调查显示,江苏省联合收割机机手参加过各类培训的不到10%,有的仅参加厂家组织的简易操作培训,针对性不强。很多机手反映,提高操作技能,全靠平时摸索,老机手怎么带,自己照样子学。
 
  (三)农机跨区服务和应急抢收能力有待提高。江苏稻麦轮作,茬口时间紧,一般夏粮收获一周左右,秋粮收获两周左右。按照当地农业生产条件,每台联合收割机保障500亩粮食种植面积较为适宜。据此测算,全省常年粮食种植面积7500万亩,联合收割机保有量为16.9万台,平均每台保障450亩,理论上机械数量比较充足。但全省联合收割机分布不均衡,北多南少,有的地方对跨区作业依赖过大,一旦遇到连续阴雨等极端天气,联合收割机调度就会遇到困难。
 
  三、工作建议
 
  (一)稳政策,增加农机购置与应用补贴资金。建议进一步强化农机购置与应用补贴政策的持续性、稳定性,加大中央和地方资金投入,引导农民稳定预期,按需购机。
 
  (二)提效能,建设快速有效的维修体系。坚持“政策引导、市场运营、合理布局、多元发展”的农机维修体系建设思路,综合人才、资金、技术、信息等方面资源,合理规划布局大中小型农机维修点,鼓励多种经营主体开办农机维修业务,建设具有时代特色的农机维修服务网络。
 
  (三)强能力,开展农机实用性培训。依托本省农机制造企业多的优势,探索以政府购买服务的方式,委托农机生产企业开展以工代训,定制化培养高技能农机手。省级制定培养规划,选择生产企业作为技能培养基地,签订培训协议。生产企业负责制定具体培训计划,并组织实施,参训人员可深入到车间或田间,实际参加生产作业。达到培养标准的,由财政按培训人数拨付经费给培养企业。参训人员个人自愿申请,脱产免费培训。
 
  (四)抗风险,做好应急机械储备。在苏南等经济发达区域,针对联合收割机保有量较少的情况,鼓励农民专业合作社、家庭农场等新型农业生产经营主体和村级集体经济组织购置一部分联合收割机,提高收获机械区域自给率,以备应急抗灾抢收使用。同时加快省级以上农业农机大数据平台建设步伐,统筹农机跨区作业和应急抢收机械调度,加大信息化技术、农机大数据应用,及时预判情况,尽快提升应急调度能力。
 
  (江苏省农业农村厅调研组供稿)
我要评论
文明上网,理性发言。(您还可以输入200个字符)

所有评论仅代表网友意见,与本站立场无关。

产品推荐 更多

[{"ID":"2962065","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c732bd6804000ffa830c0dce5bfe51aa391b78b68392f4f539dc41b82d8bdac56261.jpg","PictureDomain":"img52","Name":"江苏热扩法兰毛坯报价","Type":"支持定做","Descrip":"热扩是法兰中的一种,在机械行业中使用广泛。冲压法兰盘的用途广泛,使用范围根据不同的特点进行确定,多用于介质条件比较缓和的情况下,如低压非净化压缩空气、低压循环水。它的优点是价格比。1、冲压法兰盘的特点:(1)结构简单体积小重量轻;(2)密封性能好;(3)安装方便;(4)适用于压力或温度大幅度波动的管线或高温、高压及低温的 管道","CompanyName":"聊城开发区庆宝法兰冲压件厂","CompanyID":"129435","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"161","City":"聊城市","Address":"聊城市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"13","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51171735","StandUrl":"/st129435","UpdateTime":"2024/3/29 3:35:12","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102962065","UserID":"142424","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1755750","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"季经理","TelPhone":"0635-8880445","ClassName":"其他","ComProduct":"法兰盘,法兰盘毛坯,法兰毛坯,不锈钢法兰,异形法兰,垫片","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"15297","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/29 3:35:12","Flag":"1","PackageName":"营销宝会员","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13563011979"},{"ID":"2881011","Picture":"mt0008/3b195b18311f77338d73c6e4a29cd63d1984f58a5035c9b292127793642c6aa1255dacabae74e649.png","PictureDomain":"img67","Name":"LDT-800柱式料斗混合机公司","Type":"","Descrip":"LDT-200型柱式料斗混合机柱式料斗混合机具有自动提升、混合、下降等功能。主要用于制药工业中固体颗粒,粉末等物料的混合,具有传动平稳、结构可靠,混合量大,混合均匀度高的优点。","CompanyName":"武汉恒达昌机械设备有限公司","CompanyID":"133458","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"182","City":"武汉市","Address":"武汉市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"51","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51171735","StandUrl":"/st133458","UpdateTime":"2024/3/29 3:35:02","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102881011","UserID":"146448","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1797005","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"徐宝林","TelPhone":"86-027-89353268","ClassName":"其他","ComProduct":"产品主要用于固体制剂工艺设备领域——IBC无尘转运及总混系统、重力加料系统、真空上料系统及高效清洗系统设备。","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"4289","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/1/1 16:30:38","Flag":"1","PackageName":"营销宝会员","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13419620038"},{"ID":"2962067","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c73219e6403af6b335293eec94396ea269048423cebe67193d1cc388f430d5977f35.jpg","PictureDomain":"img42","Name":"环境试验箱温湿度变送器价格","Type":"HF532","Descrip":"HF5系列与AirChip3000技术的HygroClip2探头兼容,探头达到高的精度。结合罗卓尼克传感器集成技术,HygroFlex HF52,HF53,HF54,HF55和HF56变送器与HC2-S探头结合,提供高得精度和好的功能,将湿度和温度在23°C时,提高到新水平的测量精度0.8%rh和0.1°C。","CompanyName":"无锡徽科特测控技术有限公司","CompanyID":"135666","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"87","City":"无锡市","Address":"无锡市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"13","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51171735","StandUrl":"/st135666","UpdateTime":"2024/3/29 3:35:19","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102962067","UserID":"148656","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1840309","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"孙良明","TelPhone":"86-0510-82405517","ClassName":"其他","ComProduct":"温湿度计,露点仪;温湿度变送器,温湿度传感器,温湿度记录器,温湿度手持表,温湿度巡检仪,温湿度露点仪,工控显示仪表,露点分析仪,多点温湿度记录仪","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"123","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/29 3:35:19","Flag":"1","PackageName":"营销宝会员","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13921186818"},{"ID":"2962068","Picture":"mt0001/4c6b81a0f7ee9f3f2e50cd6e95aa9d426c56800b9d6ae0e931551b004a4d3a7dd3caa716a22e2d98.png","PictureDomain":"img60","Name":"下载德国Kuebler编码器资料","Type":"","Descrip":"德国Kuebler编码器8.5868.5631.3112型单转和型多转编码器,增量型、用于伺服电机的带有换向 用于信号的编码器、用于齿条的编码器、公制测量轮、线驱动编码器、电子手轮 、本安防爆型编码器、带增量输出的型单转编码器、用于转塔刀具转换的编码器和带有工业现场总线接口的型编码器.kubler旋转编码器是欧洲现货重要的、 现货具规模,品种现货齐全的编码器厂家, kubl","CompanyName":"东莞市广联自动化科技有限公司","CompanyID":"131701","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"229","City":"东莞市","Address":"东莞市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"15","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51171735","StandUrl":"/st131701","UpdateTime":"2024/3/29 3:35:27","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102962068","UserID":"144690","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1776070","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"关小姐","TelPhone":"0769-89773074","ClassName":"其他","ComProduct":"Vickers叶片泵,Vickers柱塞泵,Vickers齿轮泵,Vickers方向控制阀,Vickers比例阀","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"5864","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/29 3:35:27","Flag":"1","PackageName":"营销宝会员","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13380159194"},{"ID":"2962064","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c7325553ccfd22435981b985a73c3d63985908092ab23a54fb468b2f9e88907c31ec.jpg","PictureDomain":"img57","Name":"进口频闪仪哪家好","Type":"dbx","Descrip":"合测实业代理的美国蒙那多DBX频闪仪量程为30-20000FPM,精度±0.002%,可通过×2 和÷2 按钮快速调节闪动频率,然后通过 旋钮进行微调。提供了TTL 信号输入输出接口,可外接转速传感器,可由外部传感采集数据并触发 频闪仪工作,也可输出信号触发其他频闪仪工作,可多台DBX连接,由一台触发所有DBX同时工作。DBX具有相位延迟功能,可调节图像至方便观测的角度,可存储9个频闪数值。","CompanyName":"合测实业(上海)有限公司","CompanyID":"131087","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"392","City":"国外","Address":"国外","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"23","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51171735","StandUrl":"/st131087","UpdateTime":"2024/3/29 3:35:08","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102962064","UserID":"144076","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1775700","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"祁小姐","TelPhone":"021-52968161/67677060","ClassName":"其他","ComProduct":"博勒飞粘度计,宾德烘箱,罗威邦色度仪,梅特勒电子天平,蒙那多频闪仪","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"6110","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/29 3:35:08","Flag":"1","PackageName":"营销宝会员","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"18049911710"},{"ID":"2810861","Picture":"00450ea57bc9bc7d3b30e7de383569909b00de904e99dc416e869a1eb2b8a868251ca69877db6cb6.png","PictureDomain":"img76","Name":"供应PARKER哪家好","Type":"D1VW004CNJW","Descrip":"派克PARKER电磁阀D1VW004CNJW里有密闭的腔,在不同位置开有通孔,每个孔连接不同的油管,腔中间是活塞,两面是两块电磁铁,哪面的磁铁线圈通电阀体就会被吸引到哪边,通过控制阀体的移动来开启或关闭不同的排油孔,而进油孔是常开的,液压油就会进入不同的排油管,然后通过油的压力来推动油缸的活塞,活塞又带动活塞杆,活塞杆带动机械装置。这样通过控制电磁铁的电流通断就控制了机械运动。","CompanyName":"东莞市腾达自动化设备有限公司","CompanyID":"130426","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"229","City":"东莞市","Address":"东莞市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"109","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51171735","StandUrl":"/st130426","UpdateTime":"2024/3/29 3:35:33","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102810861","UserID":"143415","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1744339","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"王彬","TelPhone":"0769-89770965","ClassName":"其他","ComProduct":"ATOS比例溢流阀,ATOS放大器,ATOS电磁阀,BURKERT宝帝,BURKERT电磁阀,BURKERT流量计,BURKERT角座阀,BURKERT膜片,HYDAC过滤器,HYDAC传感器,HYDAC滤芯,REXROTH放大器,REXROTH电磁阀,REXROTH柱赛泵,REXROTH比例阀,PARKER溢流阀,PARKER电磁阀,PARKER换向阀,SICK传感器,BALLUFF传感器,IFM传感器","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"9227","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2023/8/29 4:56:18","Flag":"1","PackageName":"营销宝会员","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15916770334"}]