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农机人才缺口44万人?研发型+实用型两手都要抓两手都要硬

2020-08-12 17:24:34 来源:农机网原创 作者:林言 阅读量:58811 评论

导读:农机人才具有公共性、基础性和社会性属性,是加快推进农业机械化和农机装备产业转型升级的第一资源。当前农业现代化发展步伐逐步加快,对农机人才的需求也越来越迫切

  【农机网 编辑视角】 全国人大常委会执法检查组关于检查农业机械化促进法实施情况的报告8月10日提请十三届全国人大常委会第二十一次会议审议。此份报告为执法检查组关于检查《中华人民共和国农业机械化促进法》实施情况的报告。据悉,本次执法检查是自2004年农业机械化促进法颁布实施以来开展的*检查。
 
  从总体来看,报告认为,农机化促进法是一部符合中国国情农情、兴机强农、受到广大民众拥护的良法善法,但同时也面临诸多问题,尤其是科技创新能力不强是很大的短板。报告认为,培养农机化专业人才作为加强农机基础性研究的重要环节仍需持续推进。同时报告预测,到2025年,中国农机化专业人才缺口将达44万人。
 

  行业专家认为,从农机装备产业发展层面来看,我国农机产业一缺“白领”,即农机装备研发创新人才,二缺“蓝领”,即农机装备制造技术骨干;从农业机械化行业发展层面看,我国各级各类农机化管理人才水平亟待提升,特别基层实用技能型人才短缺极为严重。
 
  研发型人才加快产出
 
  上述报告显示,2019年全国仅有28所高校院所招收农机装备硕士生,总数不足700人,农机专业研究生与本科生招生人数比仅为0.1%。同时,目前在世界*20名的农业装备学科高等院校中无一所中国高校,中国465个国家*学科中仅有2个农业工程学科入选。
 
  经笔者查阅,入选国家*学科的两个农业工程学科所在院校分别为中国农业大学和浙江大学,这两所高等院校都在现代农业发展方面有着重要建树。
 
  中国农业大学农业工程专业以机械工程为基础,融合信息技术、农业生物技术及环境科学,探索既能发展农业生产、提高经济效益,又能保护环境,保证农业可持续发展的机械化生产体系,研究农业生产机械化过程中的装备与先进技术;
 
  浙江大学农业工程学科拥有农业机械化工程、农业生物环境与能源工程、农业电气化与自动化、农业水土工程和生物系统工程(自主设置)等5个博士学位授予点及包括机械设计及理论在内的6个硕士学位授予点,及博士后科研流动站。拥有农业机械化工程国家重点学科,农业农村部农业生物环境工程与智能化设备重点实验室、农产品产地处理装备重点实验室和光谱检测重点实验室。
 
  除此之外,我国其他高等院校中专注研究农业装备领域的并不多,这也是当前我国农业装备基础研究薄弱、原始创新能力不足、关键核心技术匮乏、农业装备人才短缺的现状,这一现状不足以支撑我国农机装备制造产业彻底转型升级。对此,专家认为,扩大农业工程*学科高校数量,加快推进农业装备*学科建设,加快农业装备领域高水平创新人才培养,亟需引起高度重视并切实加以解决。
 
  实用型人才培养“多点开花”
 
  在国务院2018年印发的《关于加快推进农业机械化和农机装备产业转型升级的指导意见》中曾明确提出,要注重农机实用型人才培养,实施新型职业农民培育工程,加大对农机大户、农机合作社带头人的扶持力度;大力遴选和培养农机生产及使用一线“土专家”,弘扬工匠精神,充分发挥基层实用人才在推动技术进步和机械化生产中的重要作用;通过购买服务、项目支持等方式,支持农机生产企业、农机合作社培养农机操作、维修等实用技能型人才。
 
  在培养基层实用型农机人才方面,不同地区有各自的培育方法,可谓“百家争鸣百花齐放”,也都取得了不错的效果,壮大了基层农机人才队伍。下面简单列举几个例子:
 
  上海培养农机高级技能人才队伍并颁发资格证书:今年7月,上海市农机修理(二级/技师)职业技能资格鉴定在上海某农机专业合作社举行,各涉农区经层层筛选和推荐的30名农机修理工,经过为期1个月严格的理论和实践培训之后参加考核鉴定,终有25人通过评审,在报送农业农村部职业技能鉴定指导中心审核后,将获得农机修理工(二级/技师)国家职业资格证书。据悉,上海市目前共有43位农机修理人员获得农机修理工(二级/技师)职业资格证书,他们也成为在本市农机维修行业领域内受到重视的人才队伍。
 
  青岛定制“青蓝计划”:为了搭建青年人才成长平台,今年青岛市农机中心制定了《关于实施青年人才培养“青蓝计划”的意见》。中心每年从副高级以上专家人才库中选择政治素养好、责任心强、作风务实的专家聘为导师;从中级及以下技术职称人员中遴选工作踏实、虚心好学、积极进取的青年为徒弟。导师结合徒弟特点指导制订能力提升发展计划,在“补短板”上下功夫,通过对徒弟传授理论知识和开展田间地头技术指导,全面提升徒弟的业务知识和技能水平。实施青年人才培养‘青蓝计划’,既能通过师徒结对、以老带新、互学共进,充分发挥‘传帮带’作用,又能充分挖掘中级技术人员的业务潜能,加快培育具备良好思想政治素养、掌握*专业技能、担起‘立技强农、兴机富民’重任的中青年专业技术人才队伍。
 
  重庆实施“智汇农机手金蓝领成长计划”:近年来,在重庆市农机主管部门的指导下,以“智汇农机手金蓝领成长计划”为抓手,采取“培训人员骨干化”、“培训内容适用化”、“培训教学艺术化”、“培训组织趣味化”相结合的方法,强化技术技能培训与职业技能鉴定相结合,各区县培养了一大批农机操作与维修技能人才,提升了农机使用与维护技术技能水平,促进了农机化事业发展,为乡村振兴提供了一线人才支撑。
 
  结语:农机人才具有公共性、基础性和社会性属性,是加快推进农业机械化和农机装备产业转型升级的第一资源。当前农业现代化发展步伐逐步加快,对农机人才的需求也越来越迫切,笔者希望农机行业发展越来越被重视,人才培养越来越普及,这样到2025年,440万的人才缺口才能被“堵上”。
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