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保障粮食安全,从土地源头把控耕地质量

2019-11-26 15:04:53 来源:农机网整理发布 阅读量:29732 评论

导读:保障粮食安全,关键是要保障粮食生产能力。而高标准农田建设,不仅能够新增粮食产能,而且能够提升农田的抗灾能力。据测算,到2022年全国建成高标准农田10亿亩,以此可以稳定保障粮食产能在1万亿斤以上,约占我国粮食总产量的80%,在保障国家粮食安全方面将起到基础支撑作用。

  【农机网 热点关注】保障粮食安全,关键是要保障粮食生产能力。而高标准农田建设,不仅能够新增粮食产能,而且能够提升农田的抗灾能力。据测算,到2022年全国建成高标准农田10亿亩,以此可以稳定保障粮食产能在1万亿斤以上,约占我国粮食总产量的80%,在保障国家粮食安全方面将起到基础支撑作用。
 
  事实上,不仅仅是高标准农田建设这一重要举措实施,我国一直以来便高度重视耕地质量调查监测和评价工作,在2017年就成立了农业农村部耕地质量监测保护中心,履行耕地质量调查、监测、评价、建设和保护等职责职能,大力开展耕地质量的保护与提升。
 
  重视耕地质量调查监测与评价体系建设
 
  2016年,先后颁布实施《耕地质量调查监测与评价办法》(农业部2016年第2号令)(以下简称《办法》)和《耕地质量等级》(GB/T 33469-2016)国家标准。全面推进耕地质量调查、监测与评价制度建设,掌握我国耕地质量状况和变化趋势,助力“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略,促进农业可持续发展。《耕地质量调查监测与评价办法》提出了耕地质量调查、监测、评价与信息发布等制度。
 
  耕地质量调查制度:包括耕地质量普查、专项调查与应急调查等3类调查。
 
  耕地质量监测制度:以农业部耕地质量监测机构和地方耕地质量监测机构为主体,以相关科研教学单位的耕地质量监测站(点)为补充,构建覆盖面广、代表性强、功能完备的国家耕地质量监测网络,对耕地土壤理化性状、养分状况等质量变化情况开展动态监测。
 
  耕地质量评价制度:包括耕地质量等级评价、耕地质量监测评价、特定区域耕地质量评价、耕地质量特定指标评价、新增耕地质量评价和耕地质量应急调查评价等6类。
 
  耕地质量信息发布制度:农业部和省级人民政府农业主管部门每5年发布一次全国耕地质量等级信息和省级行政区域耕地质量等级信息,定期发布年度耕地质量监测报告。
 
  开展耕地质量监测网络建设
 
  农业农村部会同生态环境部印发《国家土壤环境监测网农产品产地土壤环境监测工作方案(试行)》,按照互补不重复、科学经济、动态调整的原则,整合优化相关行业土壤环境监测点位,统一规范、统一标准和统一信息发布,构建和运行国家土壤环境监测网,开展全国耕地质量调查监测和评价工作。
 
  目前,全国各级农业农村部门已建立耕地质量长期定位监测点1052个、省级监测点3000多个、地级监测点2000多个、县级监测点9000多个,初步形成了国家、省、市、县四级耕地质量监测网络。
 
  定期发布耕地质量监测报告,为各级政府制定耕地质量保护政策提供了重要的技术支撑。同时,将耕地轮作休耕制度试点区域作为耕地质量监测的重点,科学设置监测站(点),跟踪耕地质量变化,为评价耕地轮作休耕效果提供科学依据。
 
  建立全国耕地质量监测评价信息发布制度
 
  在县级层面,组织完成全国所有农业县(场)(2498个)耕地质量评价工作,共采集土壤样品370多万个,绘制各类专题图件2万余幅,评价成果在指导县级农业生产方面发挥了重要作用。
 
  在省级与区域层面,全面启动重点农区的耕地质量区域汇总评价工作。2017年起开展了新一轮耕地质量区域评价工作,推动评价成果在跨省大区尺度的应用。
 
  在国家层面,2014年以农业部公报的形式对外发布全国耕地质量等级情况。根据《办法》要求,每5年发布一次全国和省级行政区域耕地质量等级信息。同时,依据耕地质量长期定位监测点监测结果,每年发布《国家耕地质量长期定位监测报告》,对全国耕地质量进行动态监管。
 
  加强耕地质量建设与保护提升
 
  农业农村部会同有关部门,加快实施“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略,采取有力措施加强耕地地力提升。通过组织实施《高标准农田建设总体规划》《耕地质量保护与提升行动方案》《东北黑土地保护规划纲要(2017—2030年)》等,推广耕地地力培肥等成套技术模式,加快建设集中连片、旱涝保收、高产稳产、生态友好的高标准农田。
 
  11月25日,举行了政策例行吹风会,介绍了《国务院办公厅关于切实加强高标准农田建设提升国家粮食安全保障能力的意见》有关情况,并答记者问。《意见》提出到2022年,全国要建成10亿亩高标准农田,以此稳定保障1万亿斤以上的粮食产能;到2035年,通过持续改造提升,全国高标准农田保有量进一步提高。
 
  开展退化耕地综合治理、耕地地力保护提升、污染耕地阻控修复、投入品和废弃物安全性监测评价等。分区域、分品种开展安全利用与种植结构调整,在湖南省长株潭地区270万亩耕地实施重金属污染修复及农作物种植结构调整试点,积极构建以品种替代、水肥调控、土壤调理等农艺措施为主的受污染耕地安全利用技术体系,为保护提升我国耕地生产能力,推进农业供给侧结构性改革和推动农业绿色发展加强生态文明建设提供重要保障。
 
  本文由农机网整理发布,部分资料来源:农业农村部,如有侵权或异议请联系我们。
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