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当人工智能邂逅传统农业，智慧农业未来已来

2019-11-19 16:40:36 来源：农机网原创 作者：四夕 阅读量：48541 评论

导读：近年来，自动化和机器人的身影处处可见，人工智能在构建多元化蓝图的同时还带来了在其他应用场景的想象空间。以刚刚过去的“双十一”为例，物流中心里自动导引机器人带着货架迅速移动，将货物运送到*地点后，进行二次分拣，分拣完毕直接打包发货，整个快递行业都在人工智能的助力下加速数智化升级。

　　【农机网 编辑视角】近年来，自动化和机器人的身影处处可见，人工智能在构建多元化蓝图的同时还带来了在其他应用场景的想象空间。以刚刚过去的“双十一”为例，物流中心里自动导引机器人带着货架迅速移动，将货物运送到*地点后，进行二次分拣，分拣完毕直接打包发货，整个快递行业都在人工智能的助力下加速数智化升级。
 
　　“人工智能在近几年经历了一次爆发式发展，其中一个非常突出的影响，就是让整个行业重新认识到技术创新的价值。如今的人工智能已经从大家津津乐道的酷炫效果变成了一个社会的共识。未来几年中国会迎来人工智能发展的高峰，从金融到房产、教育、医疗等，你能想到的产业都会因人工智能而发生变化。”
 
　　——百度董事长兼执行官李彦宏
 
　　农业成为人工智能应用新增长领域
 
　　而人工智能邂逅传统农业，又将碰撞出什么样的火花呢？2017年7月《新一代人工智能发展规划》提出，人工智能下一步发展是与各行业的融合创新，在农业方面，未来将建立和完善天空地一体化的智能农业信息遥感监测网络，研制农业智能传感与控制系统、智能化农业装备和农机田间作业自主系统等。
 
　　近日，2019年花城科技论坛暨农业人工智能峰会在广州举行，现场中国工程院院士罗锡文表示：“农业人工智能技术可以提高劳动生产率、资源利用率和土地产出率，增强农业抗风险能力，保障国家粮食安全和生态安全，实现农业可持续发展，促进从传统农业向现代农业的跨越。”
 
　　农业人工智能发展已成必然。
 
一拖无人驾驶拖拉机
 
　　据粮食及农业组织(FAO)预测，到2050年*91亿人口需要把我们能够生产的粮食产量翻一番。随着人口对粮食生产的需求不断增长，仅仅增加耕地面积显然是无法解决问题的，如何在有限的土地上产出更多更好的粮食已经成为迫在眉睫的发展问题。
 
　　此外，根据世界银行的数据，世界农业总就业份额从1991年的43.25%下降到2018年的25.96%。*范围内的农业劳动力短缺进一步加剧了粮食安全与农业生产之间的矛盾，现代农业智能化发展已成为不可逆转之趋势。越来越多的资本进入农业机器人和无人机市场，农业成为人工智能应用新增长领域。
 
　　自动化和机器人为农业发展带来新变革
 
　　根据BIS Research发布的题为《农业无人机和机器人市场：分析与预测，2018-2028年》的市场报告，农业无人机和机器人市场在2018年产生了25.2亿美元的收入，预计还将持续以24.76%的复合年增长率增长。在2018年至2028年的预测期内，报告表明到2028年，农业无人机和机器人市场总值将达到230.6亿美元。
 
　　农业人工智能发展快速。
 
　　·半干旱热带作物研究所(ICRISAT)与微软合作开发了一个基于AI的播种应用程序。参与项目的印度安得拉邦农民的反馈，通过采用基于AI的播种建议，光单产就提高了30%，而且在这个过程中不会产生任何额外的资本支出或需要在田间安装任何传感器。
 
　　·拥有众多机器人技术研究人员的Abundant robotics，在过去的四年中一直致力于解决农业方面的难题，其开发的自动化苹果收割机从视觉上识别可收获的水果并对其进行物理处理以使其不产生瘀伤。
 
　　·Bear Flag Robotics的初创公司骨干精英Cafiero和Donnellan正将自动驾驶带到果园中部，让种植者掌握从一个偏远地区指挥一队拖拉机，再到计划路线，安排工作并远程接收实时设备警报的自动化力量。
 
　　·瑞士农业机器人初创公司EcoRobotix的个产品是太阳能自动机器人除草机，该除草机是基于GPS和传感器并结合除草剂的整体应用，传感器能够检测农作物行与行之间的杂草。
 
　　·成立于2017年的加利福尼亚州初创企业Advanced Farm Technologies(AFT)，已为其研发的草莓采摘机器人筹集了750万美元的A轮融资。AFT于2019年初将其T-6草莓采摘机器人商业化，该机器人目前在美国大的草莓生产州——加州使用。
 
　　……
 
　　智慧农业成为数字中国建设的重要内容
 
　　我国高度重视农业数字化发展，在《国家信息化发展战略纲要》和《“十三五”国家信息化规划》等政策文件中都明确提出要加强农业与信息技术的结合。官方数据显示，2018年中国农业生产数字化水平达18.6%。“全国各地智慧农业产业蓬勃发展，市场前景十分广阔。到2020年，智慧农业的潜在市场规模有望达到268亿美元，年复合增长率超过14%。”中国农业农村部规划设计研究院院长张辉表示。他同时强调，在农业领域，中国正在加强自主研发能力、升级农业信息化基础设施以及加速产业发展。
 
　　中国工程院院士汪懋华指出，智慧农业中长期发展战略研究应该从智慧大田种植业、智慧设施农业、智慧农产品产后处理与精深加工等方面入手，要注意AI农业应用创新发展的冷思考。
 
　　而随着A(人工智能)B(区块链)C(云计算)D(大数据)四大高新技术在农业领域落地应用，植保无人机已成为智慧农业发展的重要代表之一。近日，极飞科技与大疆农业相继发布多款植保无人机新品，引起业内热议。
 
极飞科技新品发布会
 
　　10月28日，极飞科技发布的XP旗舰版农业无人机，集成了20公斤载重、四维成像雷达、播洒、水冷超充电池以及配备RTK模块的手自一体遥控器等众多技术，并从此开启了农业无人机两“电”一“发”(即一台发电机两组电池)连续作业的新格局。
 
　　大疆农业全新的T20植保无人飞机拥有安全可靠、出色的性能：20L作业箱、全向数字雷达、核心模块IP67级防护、实时图像监控系统、AI智能农业引擎、标配RTK，让T20在大田、梯田、果园等多种作业场景中实现高质、高量、的全自主作业。
 
大疆T20植保无人机
 
　　继11月5日，大疆农业举办新品发布会，推出新款T20植保无人机后，15日，泰华伟业全资子公司河北全疆科技有限公司在泰华博悦大酒店举办大疆首场同主题新品推介会。来自全省各地植保站的负责人、经销商等200余人齐聚一堂，对大疆农业推出的新品表示出了浓厚兴趣。

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