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妈妈喊你穿秋裤了吗?寒露至,农作物也怕霜冻

2018-10-08 10:51:40 来源:中国农机网整理发布 阅读量:32047 评论

导读:《中国天文年历》显示,今天(10月8日)的16时15分,我们将迎来农历二十四节气中个带“寒”字的节气——寒露。这个时期的气温比白露时更低,地面的露水快要凝结成霜,南岭及以北的广大地区均已进入秋季,东北进入深秋,西北地区已进入或即将进入冬季。

  【中国农机网 热点关注】《中国天文年历》显示,今天(10月8日)的16时15分,我们将迎来农历二十四节气中个带“寒”字的节气——寒露。这个时期的气温比白露时更低,地面的露水快要凝结成霜,南岭及以北的广大地区均已进入秋季,东北进入深秋,西北地区已进入或即将进入冬季。
 
  随着气候的降低,又到了妈妈们催着穿秋裤的时候了,而事实上,农作物也怕霜冻。北方产棉地区进入后的棉花采摘时期,“寒露不摘棉,霜打莫怨天”,棉农们要赶在霜前抓紧采摘棉花,以防棉花遭霜打质量降低,棉花减产。有的人家“上午忙麦茬,下午摘棉花”,种麦、摘棉两不耽误。此外,红薯对霜冻也十分敏感,易因受冻出现薯块“硬心”现象,导致红薯减产,所以人们也多在寒露期间收获完毕。
 
  寒露时节正是秋收、秋种、秋管的重要时期,正所谓“人误地一时,地误人一年”,寒露的到来意味着许多农事需加紧进行,否则甚至可能会影响到来年的丰收情况。
 
  在北方,农民们正忙于播种小麦、采摘棉花、刨红薯等农活的收尾工作。正所谓是“寒露种小麦,种一碗,收一斗”,“晚种一天,少收一石”,正需要抓紧时间种植冬小麦,这样才能为小麦争取足够的生长期,保证来年有个好收成。
 
  种上小麦后,还要加强小麦的田间管理。若寒露气温偏低,光照不足或地里营养欠缺影响小麦分蘖,需在小麦三叶期前适当追肥浇水,促进小麦分蘖,保证冬小麦有足够的根系在冬日存活;若麦田湿度过大,需适当松土以控制小麦生长,防止小麦因生长过快不能安然过冬,影响开春生长。同时人们也做好小麦播种的扫尾工作,如查苗补苗、消灭黄弱苗等。
 
  此外,除麦地、棉花地外,其他农田多闲置下来。此时温度在零度以上,土地没有冻结,易于使犁翻地,利用冬闲养养地。同时,翻地也可将埋于地下的越冬虫及虫卵晾到地表上,利用寒露以后温度昼夜温差大、夜间温度低的特点,将害虫及其虫卵冻死,减少来年庄稼的病虫害,正所谓“寒露到立冬,翻地冻死虫”。
 
  而在南方地区,进入寒露才算进入真正的秋季。此时适合种植油菜等耐寒作物;单季晚稻行将成熟,开始收割;双季晚稻则正处于灌浆期,要继续加强田间管理,做到浅水勤灌,干干湿湿,以湿为主,切忌后期断水过早。
 
  这一时期作物怕“寒露风”的到来,江南一带有“人怕老来穷,禾伯寒露风”的说法。其实“寒露风”是寒露节出现的一种低温、干燥、风劲较强的冷空气,会使水稻灌浆受阻,空粒、黑粒增多,甚至出现“包颈穗”现象,降低结实率,或使稻株生长发育不良,导致水稻减产。
 
  人们可于“寒露风”来临前,采用施农家肥强壮株秆,加强田间灌溉,保持田间较高温度等方法,使水稻免受“寒露风”侵害。当然,抗风的灌水深度因时因地而异。若白天无阳光、风大或夜晚,灌水深些;白天有阳光就浅些,或仅保持湿润即可。风过后,须立即排水,避免沤黑禾根、造成株秆变软,降低抗风能力。
 
  寒露后天气凉爽,有利于秋季蔬菜生长,是冬春棚菜地力培育和育苗有利时期,也有各种病虫害发生与危害,应安排好以下几项蔬菜农事:加强田间管理,灌水、防旱,追施肥料,促进生长,喷施无公害农药防治病虫害,及时采收,供应市场;培育地力,利用晴好天气,翻种棚菜田园,暴晒、风化土壤,施用有机肥,喷施土壤消毒剂,杀菌灭虫,提高肥力;新菜园区,可增添钢管大棚和竹棚,逐渐扩大蔬菜保护地种植面积;做好病虫害发生与防治工作。
 
  寒露天气由凉转冷,畜禽容易发病,畜禽生产主要做好秋季防疫工作,及时做好猪、牛、羊、兔的疫病预防接种;养牛户要及时做好配种工作,确保发情的母牛满怀;此时正是是山羊放牧的好季节,做到早放牧,迟归栏,为越冬提供良好的膘情;饲养长毛兔农户要抓紧做好秋季配种工作,多配种、多繁育长毛兔,提高养兔效益;养牛、养羊、养兔专业户要及时种好黑麦草,为牛、羊、兔越冬及明春有足够青绿饲料;对于饲养蛋鸡、蛋鸭专业户要增加人工光照,可提高产蛋量。
 
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