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国外农用无人机发展有哪些是值得我们借鉴的?

2018-06-13 08:51:43 来源:中国农机网整理发布 阅读量:36167 评论

导读:无人机无疑是近年来涌入大众视野的“热门”产品,在农业领域也是如此,用植保无人机进行飞防作业在农业生产中越来越“吃香”。这种新的植保方式,因其施药效果好、节水节药能力强、省时省力效率高等明显优势深受广大农民欢迎,市场需求极为强劲。

  【中国农机网 科技创新】无人机无疑是近年来涌入大众视野的“热门”产品,在农业领域也是如此,用植保无人机进行飞防作业在农业生产中越来越“吃香”。这种新的植保方式,因其施药效果好、节水节药能力强、省时省力效率高等明显优势深受广大农民欢迎,市场需求极为强劲。
 
  在当前农村劳动力短缺的情况下,全面推广无人机植保,对于推动我国农业现代化意义重大。对此,业界专家曾建议国家立项研发农用无人机核心技术,规范无人机植保行业标准。虽然我国是农业大国,农用无人机需求巨大且发展迅速,但我国并非是发展较早、体系较成熟的国家。放眼,世界各国的农用无人机发展情况是怎么样的?发达国家的无人机行业有哪些是值得我们借鉴的呢?
 
  美国:国家大力扶植,技术较为成熟的国家之一
 
  美国是农业航空应用技术较为成熟的国家之一,已形成较完善的农业航空产业体系,据统计,美国农业航空对农业的直接贡献率为15%以上。目前美国有农用航空相关企业2000多家,年处理40%以上的耕地面积,全美65%的化学农药采用飞机作业完成喷洒,其中水稻施药作业100%采用航空作业方式。
 
  国家大力扶持农业航空产业的发展是美国农业航空发达的重要原因之一。美国从上世纪70年代就开始研究航空喷施作业技术参数的优化模型,美国国会通过了豁免农用飞机每次起降100美元的机场使用费的议案,2014年白宫的预算中预计继续投入73亿美元支持该议案,以降低农业航空作业的成本;在NAAA的推动下,自2002年以来已投入约700万美元用于农业航空技术研发,参议院已通过议案将继续大力支持开发更、使用成本更低的农业航空相关技术。
 
  日本:耕地面积小,对无人机依赖性大
 
  日本粮食作物以水稻为主,不同于旱地,稻田特殊的环境使得地面装备行走困难,加之地形结构原因,无人机在日本占尽了优势。
 
  日本植保无人机的研制工作始于上世纪80年代。到了1991年,日本农林水产省出台政策,推广植保无人机在稻田中的应用,植保无人机在日本迎来了有利的大环境,大量植保无人机企业诞生。据田联网报道,日本的植保有点类似于我们的统防统治协会,或者是农委、政府组织的一些农机协会,在一个区域内,一定时间内集中喷洒,效率又高,成本又低。而且,在日本农民购买无人机可以享受补贴。
 
  澳大利亚:农业强国,重视农业
 
  澳大利亚地广人稀,拥有丰富的耕地和草地资源。2013年统计数据显示,澳大利亚人均天然草场近20hm2、人均耕地超过2hm2,分别约是中国的4倍和23倍。作为农牧业高度发达的国家,澳大利亚早在上世纪60年代就实现了农业机械化,更是早在1947年,已经开始将飞机用于农业喷撒。
 
  在无人机的使用上,澳大利亚近来有放宽监管的趋势。2016年,澳大利亚民航局修改了原来相对比较严苛的商用无人机规定,从9月29日开始,无人机重量少于2公斤的商业无人机操作者只需要无人机操作员证书(ReOC)并通知民航局。
 
  在农业领域,当地关于无人机报道大多是围绕农业展开。澳大利亚是一个注重发展农业的国家,将无人机在农业遥感和农业方面已经得到认可和应用。据悉,澳大利亚全国有30%的农业用地实现了从耕种、播种到施药、灌溉等全过程的农业作业。在这样的大环境下,随着农业的进一步推进,澳大利亚无人机在农业领域还有很大的潜在市场。
 
  韩国:市场相对开放,农用无人机前景看好
 
  韩国是一个多山国家,耕地资源相对紧缺,据大田农社报道,韩国现有农民约420万,占总人口的9%,农业用地面积约为169.8万公顷,占韩国国土面积的17%,其中三分之二的耕地为水田,主要是种植水稻。
 
  韩国于2003年引进直升机用于农业航空作业,农业航空作业面积逐年增加,截至2010年,全国共有农用直升机121架,约80%的飞机归地方的农协所有。韩国农林水产食品部和农协中央会曾计划2013年飞机数量增至500架。
 
  相比于其他国家对于无人机谨慎的态度,近年来韩国对于民用无人机发展是相对支持的。2013年韩国土交通部表示将投资1995亿韩元(约合1.8亿美元)重点推进民用无人驾驶飞机的研发工作。2016年,韩媒报道称,韩国政府提出推动商用无人机在货物运输、山林保护、海岸监控、国土调查、设备安检、通信联网、摄影休闲和农用支援8个领域的应用,并决定在2018年前建立无人机专用机场。
 
  结语
 
  无人机植保作业与传统植保作业相比,具有作业、环保、智能化、操作简单等特点,为农户节省大型机械和大量人力的成本。综上所述,农业航空技术是上述国家农业生产的重要组成部分,在农业生产中的应用比重不断加大。目前国内无人机已经得到了快速的发展和足够重视,农用无人机发展也正当其时,希望这些国外发展经验能对国内无人机行业发展有一定借鉴意义。
 
  本文由中国农机网整理发布,资料来源:宇宸网、环球网,如有侵权或异议请联系我们。
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