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土地该“留”还是该“流”？ 问问这些政策

2016-12-30 11:49:46 来源：中国农机网 阅读量：28117 评论

导读：从2015年底的中央农村工作会议开始，国家明确提出要对农村土地进行重大改革。2016中央一号文件出台后，土地改革作为“三农”工作重点之一被提上日程。深化农村集体产权制度改革，稳定农村土地承包关系，依法推进土地经营权有序流转，对促进农村经济发展具有重要意义。

　　【中国农机网 政策标准】从2015年底的中央农村工作会议开始，国家明确提出要对农村土地进行重大改革。2016中央一号文件出台后，土地改革作为“三农”工作重点之一被提上日程。深化农村集体产权制度改革，稳定农村土地承包关系，依法推进土地经营权有序流转，对促进农村经济发展具有重要意义。
 
　　土地改革是中国启动经济转型、推动新型城镇化，开启新一轮制度红利的中心环节和关键挑战。2016年作为“十三五”的开局之年，土地改革正全方面推进，但仍有不少老百姓有诸多疑虑。今天笔者就有关土地改革相关政策作了整理，供大家参考。
 
　　《关于完善农村土地所有权承包权经营权分置办法的意见》
 
　　今年10月，中办、国办印发了《关于完善农村土地所有权承包权经营权分置办法的意见》。不断探索农村土地集体所有制的有效实现形式，落实集体所有权，稳定农户承包权，放活土地经营权，充分发挥“三权”的各自功能和整体效用，形成层次分明、结构合理、平等保护的格局。
 
　　农业部部长韩长赋在新闻发布会上表示，农村土地“三权分置”改革后，农业补贴只会增加不会减少，基本原则是存量调整、增量倾斜。
 
　　《农村土地经营权流转交易市场运行规范（试行）》
 
　　近年来，土地经营权流转规模不断扩大，每年新增流转面积4000多万亩，涉及数以百万计的承包农户。因此，建立健全安全、有序的土地经营权流转交易市场，对维护广大农民群众和新型经营主体合法权益意义重大。6月29日，《农村土地经营权流转交易市场运行规范(试行)》日前正式印发。
 
　　据了解，规范充分吸收了现有的土地经营权流转市场交易规程，依照农村土地经营权流转交易程序制定，主要遵循了“提出申请—进场交易—签订合同—配套服务”的顺序。规范提出，交易主体是农村集体经济组织、承包农户、家庭农场、专业大户、农民专业合作社、农业企业等各类农业经营主体，以及具备农业生产经营能力的其他组织或个人。
 
　　《全国土地利用总体规划纲要（2006—2020年）调整方案》
 
　　6月22日，经国务院同意，国土资源部会同有关部门组织编制的《全国土地利用总体规划纲要(2006—2020年)调整方案》(以下简称《调整方案》)印发实施，对全国及各省(区、市)耕地保有量、基本农田保护面积、建设用地总规模等指标进行调整，并对土地利用结构和布局进行优化。调整后，到2020年，全国耕地保有量为18.65亿亩以上，基本农田保护面积为15.46亿亩以上，建设用地总规模控制在4071.93万公顷(61079万亩)之内。
 
　　《调整方案》要求，坚持严格的耕地保护制度和严格的节约用地制度。按照严守底线、调整结构、深化改革的思路，实施建设用地总量控制和减量化管理，严控增量，盘活存量，优化结构，提升效率。
 
　　《农村集体经营性建设用地使用权抵押贷款管理暂行办法》
 
　　5月13日，作为认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院推进农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革试点工作的重要举措，银监会、国土资源部联合印发了《农村集体经营性建设用地使用权抵押贷款管理暂行办法》。这一改革也成为了农村土地制度改革和金融领域改革试点工作的重要制度安排。
 
　　《办法》共三十五条，涉及银行业金融机构业务开展和土地管理的各个环节，从贷款的目的、依据和总体要求，贷款业务开展的范围、贷款的全流程管理、贷款的风险保障机制、监管部门的职责等多方面对集体经营性建设用地使用权抵押贷款业务进行了详细的规定，主动适应了农村集体经营性建设用地与国有建设用地“同权同价”的改革要求。
 
　　《国土资源“十三五”规划纲要》
 
　　国土资源部4月14日正式公布《国土资源“十三五”规划纲要》。《纲要》提出，审慎稳妥推进农村土地制度改革。完善土地征收制度，缩小征收范围，规范征收程序，公开征收信息，健全对被征地农民合理、规范、多元补偿保障机制。
 
　　4月14-15日，国土资源部征地制度改革座谈会在浙江杭州召开，国土资源部党组成员、副部长王世元在会上强调，要坚持正确方向，大胆探索创新，抓住改革重大关键问题加快制度供给，扎实推进农村土地制度改革试点工作，促进形成可复制、能推广、利修法的改革成果。
 
　　《扶持村级集体经济发展试点的指导意见》
 
　　在2015年12月，财政部发布的《扶持村级集体经济发展试点的指导意见》，其中提出2016年，中央财政将选择13个省份开展试点。这说明，国家对土地流转的鼓励机制已经不于政策支持，而是政府将拿出补贴款鼓励土地流转了。
 
　　财政部对土地流转放按照以亩为单位进行一次性补贴。地方财政局会按照每亩100元的标准补给土地拥有者(土地已确权)。也就是说，我有1000亩的土地，只要我流转出去，就可以一次性获得10万元的补贴金。
 
　　结语：不断出台的政策给土地改革带来强有力的支持。目前，各地通过坚持土地集体所有权，稳定了农户承包权，引导土地经营权有序流转，发展农业适度规模经营，不仅提高了劳动生产率，同时还为发展农业机械化提供重要基础，实现了农业增效、农民增收等多种效应。据统计，截至11月份，土地承包经营权确权登记颁证面积超过8亿亩，全国家庭承包经营耕地流转面积超过4.6亿亩，这为即将到来的2017年土地改革工作带来十足的信心。
 

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