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12月30日：重庆一项玉米－大豆带状复合种植机械化生产技术标准即将实施

2022-11-25 17:00:18 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：24322 评论

导读：该标准由重庆市农业农村委员会提出、归口并组织实施，由重庆市农业科学院起草。该标准规定了丘陵山地玉米-大豆带状复合种植机械化生产的种子准备、机具选择、整地、播种、田间管理、收获与秸秆处理等技术要求。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】2022年9月30日，重庆市市场监督管理局批准发布重庆《DB50/T 1297-2022丘陵山地玉米－大豆带状复合种植机械化生产技术规程》，该地方标准将于2022年12月30日起实施。
 
　　该标准由重庆市农业农村委员会提出、归口并组织实施，由重庆市农业科学院起草。该标准规定了丘陵山地玉米-大豆带状复合种植机械化生产的种子准备、机具选择、整地、播种、田间管理、收获与秸秆处理等技术要求。适用于丘陵ft地玉米、大豆带状复合种植机械化生产。
 
　　机具选择——
 
　　耕地机具：根据不同地块地形和种植模式选择适宜机具与动力配置。地块较小或套作模式宜配置 35 马力左右的拖拉机，地块较大或间作模式配置 50 马力～100 马力拖拉机。
 
　　播种施肥机具：套作选择 2 行玉米播种施肥机、 2 行～4 行大豆播种施肥机；间作选择 4 行～6 行玉米大豆播种施肥机。
 
　　施药机具：采用机动喷雾器或无人植保机。
 
　　整地——
 
　　地块选择：选择适宜农业机械能行的地块。
 
　　整地要求：在肎耕期采用旋耕机对土壤进行精细耕整，土壤耕整时注意墒情。旋耕作业做到早、深、细、匀，旋耕质量应符合NY/T 499 的要求。前茬作物贸茬高度超过15cm时，用秸秆粉碎还田机灭茬，还田质量应符合NY/T 500的要求。
 
　　播种——
 
　　播种质量：应符合NY/T503的要求。玉米播种深度5cm-7cm，大豆播种深度3cm-5cm。
 
　　播种期：耕作层地温稳定通过12℃时适墒播种。海拔700m以下区域玉米大豆带状间作，玉米大豆播期集中在3月上旬至3月中旬；玉米大豆带状套作，玉米3月上旬至3月中旬播种，大豆5月下旬至6月上旬播种。
 
　　海拔700m以上区域，以带状间作为主，玉米大豆播期集中在3月下旬至4月中旬。
 
　　田间配置：玉米大豆行比和密度配置应符合 NY/T 2632 的要求。
 
　　田间管理——
 
　　养分管理：带状套作玉米每667 m2施底肥纯N 4 kg～6 kg、P2O5 5 kg～7 kg、K2O 4 kg～7 kg，玉米大喇叭口期每667 m2 施追肥纯N 6 kg～9 kg。大豆每 667 m2施底肥P2O5 3 kg～5 kg、K2O 3 kg～5 kg，玉米收获后视大豆长势每667 m2可追施纯N 2 kg～3 kg。
 
　　带状间作玉米宜选高氮专用缓释肥。大豆底肥不需单独施氮肥，花期视植株长势定，可每 667 m2施纯 N 2 kg～3 kg。
 
　　化控技术：对生长较旺的玉米，在 7 叶～10 叶展开时，可用生长延缓剂均匀喷施于玉米上部叶片。套作大豆长势较旺时在初花期喷施生长延缓剂降低株高，减少倒伏。间作大豆长势较旺时，在分枝期或初花期喷   施生长延缓剂控旺长。
 
　　病虫草防控：玉米及大豆生育期内发生病、虫、草害，优先采用农业、物理及生物防治。
 
　　化学除草时分带定向喷施。玉米大豆间作，播后苗前进行封闭除草。农药安全使用应符合GB/T 8321(所有部分)的要求。
 
　　收获与秸秆处理——
 
　　玉米收获：在完熟后，籽粒含水量隆至28%以下时开始收获。机械化收获应符合GB/T 21962-2020、BD50/T 1164-2021的要求。
 
　　大豆收获：在大豆叶片完全脱落、茎、荚、粒呈原品种色泽，豆粒全部归圆，大豆籽粒含水量降至25%开始收获。机械化收获应符合NY/T 738的要求。
 
　　秸秆处理：玉米、大豆秸秆肎粉碎还田，还田质量应符合NY/T500的要求。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台。
 

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