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四川省《DB51/T 2819-2021四川丘陵区玉米全程机械化生产技术规程》解读

2022-09-20 13:26:16 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：16212 评论

导读：本标准适用于四川丘陵区普通玉米机械化生产作业，不适用于青贮和鲜食玉米的机械化生产作业。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】《DB51/T 2819-2021四川丘陵区玉米全程机械化生产技术规程》是这一标准由四川省农业农村厅提出、归口并解释，由四川农业大学、南充市农业科学院起草。于2021年8月2日由四川省市场监督管理局批准发布，自2021年9月1日起实施。
 
　　本标准规定了四川省丘陵区玉米机械化生产中品种选择、种子质量、种植模式、播种期、农机配置、整地、播种、施肥、植保、收获及烘干贮藏等主要作业环节的技术要求。适用于四川丘陵区普通玉米机械化生产作业。不适用于青贮和鲜食玉米的机械化生产作业。
 
　　农机配置：
 
　　地块面积≤0.3hm2 或坡度≥5º
 
　　宜配置1.0m～2.0m微耕机、1.0m～2.0m旋耕机、以手扶式拖拉机或25马力～35马力拖拉机为动力的两行玉米精量播种机、两行玉米收获机、单行中耕施肥机、小型喷药机械。套作玉米农机具配置以微型农机具为主。
 
　　地块面积>0.3 hm2 且坡度<5º
 
　　宜配置35马力以上拖拉机、2.0m及以上旋耕机、四行及以上玉米精量播种机、四行及以上收获机、两行及以上中耕施肥机、中型喷药机械。套作玉米农机具配置以中小型农机具为主。
 
　　整地——
 
　　整地机械选择：根据地块面积、坡度、种植模式等选择配置适宜拖拉机、旋耕机，拖拉机功率根据不同耕深、土壤比阻以及机具的规格进行选配。
 
　　前茬秸秆处理：前茬作物收获后，适时进行秸秆粉碎、灭茬、深翻作业，秸秆还田作业符合NY/T 500规定。
 
　　整地质量要求：播种前精细整地，要求土壤细碎、平整，旋耕质量符合NY/T 499规定。
 
　　整地措施：土壤质地为中壤、轻壤和沙壤，选用旋耕作业，旋耕深度为10cm～15cm；土壤质地为重壤和粘土， 先犁耕1次～2次，耕深20cm～25cm，晒田1天～3天，再旋耕1次～2次。
 
　　播种——
 
　　播种机选择：选择的玉米精量播种机符合JB/T 10293规定，播种机配套动力选择、机具调试等符合DB51/T 1864 规定，作业质量符合NY/T 503规定。
 
　　抢墒播种：播种时，土壤质地为沙壤、轻壤和中壤，土壤重量含水量达到15%～18%；土壤质地为重壤和粘土， 土壤重量含水量达到18%～20%。
 
　　播种深度：播种时，沙壤、轻壤和中壤播种深度 4cm～5cm；重壤和粘土播种深度 3cm～4cm。
 
　　行距：机播行距与收获机行距匹配。
 
　　播种量：播种量30.0 kg/hm2～45.0kg/hm2。
 
　　播种密度：早熟、矮杆、耐密抗倒品种适宜种植密度60000株/hm2～67500株/hm2；中熟和晚熟、中秆和高秆品种适宜种植密度52500株/hm2～60000株/hm2。
 
　　施肥——
 
　　施肥机械选择：底肥施用机械选用播种施肥一体机，追肥机械选用具有良好行间通过性能的单行或多行中耕施肥机。
 
　　肥料施用量：肥料用量 N 180 kg/hm2～230kg/hm2、P O 75 kg/hm2～100kg/hm2、K O 90 kg/hm2～120kg/hm2。控释肥采用一次性底施。
 
　　施肥方式：底肥施用与播种同时进行，施肥深度 3cm～4cm，施肥于种子行侧 5cm～6cm；追肥与中耕同时进行， 追肥深度 5cm～10cm，追肥于植株行侧 8cm～12cm。
 
　　植保——
 
　　植保机械选择：选用的机械和使用方法符合GB 2763和GB 10395.6规定，喷雾机(器)作业质量符合NY/T 650规范。
 
　　草害防治：玉米播后 1～2 天选用二甲戊灵、乙草胺、甲草胺、异丙草胺等喷雾处理土壤；玉米 3～5 叶期、杂草 2～4 叶期，根据田间主要杂草类型选用烟嘧磺隆、苯唑草酮、硝磺草酮等茎叶喷雾。
 
　　病虫害防治：在玉米播种、苗期和大喇叭口期 3 个关键时期，根据田间病虫害发生种类，采取物理、生物、化学等措施综合防治，农药使用符合 GB/T 8321 规定。
 
　　收获——
 
　　收获机选择：根据地块面积、种植模式、坡度等选择配置收获机，收获机具符合GB/T 21962规定，作业质量符合NY/T 1355规定。
 
　　收获时期：玉米生理成熟后10～15天或全株变黄、籽粒含水量≤28%时收获。
 
　　收获方式：收穗和收粒两种方式均可，有条件的地方尽量籽粒直收。
 
　　烘干贮藏：玉米收获后，果穗(籽粒)及时晾晒或烘干，入库时籽粒含水量≤14%。
 
　　可点击下方下载完整标准文件。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：山西省农业机械发展中心、地方标准信息公共服务平台。
相关资料下载：

DB51T2819-2021FDIS.pdf

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