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绵阳市《DB5107/T 114—2022杂交水稻制种全程机械化技术规范》解读

2022-08-17 09:07:22 来源：农机网整理发布 阅读量：32074 评论

导读：作为国家级杂交水稻种子生产基地市之一(全国仅3个)，近年来，绵阳市着力借力全程机械化制种手段，实现节本又增效。

　　【农机网 政策与标准】据悉，杂交水稻全程机械化制种技术研究与应用,绵阳市农业科学研究院于2014年就在省科技厅立项，通过7年努力，两个核心关键技术环节机械移栽和机械授粉的技术瓶颈问题全部解决，现在正大面积推广。作为国家级杂交水稻种子生产基地市之一(全国仅3个)，近年来，绵阳市着力借力全程机械化制种手段，实现节本又增效。
 
　　《DB5107/T 114—2022杂交水稻制种全程机械化技术规范》由绵阳市农业农村局提出并归口、由绵阳市农业科学研究院起草，于2022年5月18日由绵阳市市场监督管理局批准发布，自2022年7月1日起实施。
 
　　该标准规定了杂交水稻制种全程机械化技术的范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、制种基地环境条件、育秧、机械插秧、植保无人机施药、机械授粉、机械收割及种子烘干。适用于绵阳市杂交水稻机械化制种。
 
　　植保无人机施药——
 
　　植保无人机选择：载药量≥10L，续航≥15min，且具有全自主飞行功能的植保无人机。
 
　　主要飞行参数：飞行高度为距植株冠层高度1.5m-2.0m，按4.0m-5.0m的飞行速度沿父母本行向飞行，飞行幅宽4.0m-5.0m.
 
　　喷施技术——
 
　　防治病虫：根据田间病虫害预测和预报确定喷施时间，根据田间病虫害发生情况确定喷施次数，农药种类与使用符合GB/T 19378的要求。
 
　　喷施赤霉素：根据制种不育系的抽穗情况确定喷施时间和用量。
 
　　机械授粉——
 
　　植保无人机授粉：选用具全自主飞行功能的植保无人机，控制好飞行方位与姿态，确保风场中心在父本行正中间。飞行高度为距父本穗层1.5 m～2.0 m等高飞行，飞行速度为3.5 m/s～4.5 m/s，匀速飞行。
 
　　机动喷雾器赶粉：将机动喷雾机导风口对准父本穗子，沿两行父本中间走道平稳匀速前进。
 
　　授粉时期与次数：在父母本开花期内，每天授粉2～3次。
 
　　机械收割——
 
　　收割时期：水稻制种母本80%～85%籽粒转黄时，在晴天露水干后即可进行收获。
 
　　收割机的清理：收割前必须清理干净收割机。
 
　　种子收割：选用水稻联合收割机收割。
 
　　种子烘干——
 
　　烘干机清理：种子进仓前彻底清理干净烘干机。种子初选：种子收割进场后，立即利用初选设备对湿谷进行初选，除去大部分瘪谷与秸秆。
 
　　进仓烘干：种子进仓开烘温度设定为45℃，快速降低种子表皮水分，待种子的水分降至15%-16%时，再将温度设定为42℃-43℃烘干，直至水分降至13%以下。
 
　　种子出仓：当种子烘干至13%以下安全水分时，关闭点火，让冷风机继续运转，待仓内种子冷却后出仓。
 
　　纯度发芽率检测：对收获干燥后的种子分批扦样，检测种子纯度和发芽率，达到GB 4404.1的要求。
 
　　注：本文由农机网(www.nongjx.com)整理发布，资料来源：地方标准信息公共服务平台、绵阳日报.
相关资料下载：

DB5107T114—2022FDIS.pdf

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