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农业农村部南京农机研究所召开典型蔬菜机械化生产观摩培训会

2021-11-23 09:40:08 来源：生物质转化利用装备创新团队 阅读量：12409 评论

导读：农业农村部南京农机研究所生物质转化利用装备创新团队和果蔬茶类收获机械创新团队在苏州太仓、常熟两地联合组织“绿叶类和甘蓝类蔬菜机械化生产装备技术培训观摩会”。

　　【农机网 地方农机】11月17日，为加快推进典型蔬菜生产全程机械化进程，探索蔬菜生产新模式，促进蔬菜产业快速发展，结合国家重点研发计划“蔬菜轻简化生产技术装备集成与应用”课题实施，我所生物质转化利用装备创新团队和果蔬茶类收获机创新团队在苏州太仓、常熟两地联合组织“绿叶类和甘蓝类蔬菜机械化生产装备技术培训观摩会”。中国蔬菜协会副会长曹曙明研究员、生物质团队首席陈永生研究员、果蔬茶团队首席宋志禹副研究员，以及来自江苏省蔬菜产业技术体系、上海市绿叶菜产业技术体系等各界代表共计40余人参加本次活动。
 
图1 太仓设施绿叶类蔬菜现场会
 
图2 常熟露地甘蓝类蔬菜现场会
 
　　绿叶菜是我国长江中下游、长三角地区主要蔬菜品种，种植面积大。但该类蔬菜品种多样、农艺杂乱、种植模式差异大，导致全程机械化配套难。生物质团队创新提出机艺融合的固定道标准化种植模式和全程机械化解决方案，在江苏、上海、北京、四川等地推广应用。本次太仓绿叶类蔬菜机械化演示了耕整地、种植、植保、收获、尾菜处理等环节共计18台(套)机具，基本涵盖了绿叶类蔬菜生产全部环节。演示会上生物质团队与上海达汇公司开发的固定道旋耕起垄机配套等轮距拖拉机演示环节，以及团队研发的智流膜堆肥装置受到与会代表的广泛关注。
 
图3 绿叶类蔬菜机械化生产模式
 
图4 固定道作业演示
 
图5 多元废弃物智流膜堆肥装置
 
　　生物质团队和果蔬茶团队针对甘蓝类蔬菜轻简化生产中农机与农艺不配套的主要问题，从收获到移栽进行倒推的方式，开展甘蓝全程机械化技术研究。针对常熟地区甘蓝生长特性，生物质团队提出单垄单行和单垄宽双行种植模式，开发出甘蓝类蔬菜单垄单行和单垄双行旋耕起垄移栽复式机，一次作业即可完成旋耕、起垄、铺管和移栽等4项作业工序，果蔬茶团队针对此模式研发了自走式甘蓝双行收获机和单行收获机。今年6月份在上海召开的“蔬菜生产机械综合测评观摩与培训会”上，生物质团队联合部农机化总站发布了包括江苏常熟结球甘蓝在内的14种典型蔬菜全程机械化生产模式与典型案例。9月～10月期间，应用两种模式在常熟横塘蔬菜专业合作社和常熟海明现代农业发展有限公司基地分批次进行甘蓝机械化移栽，累计机械化移栽面积达30亩。此次在常熟横塘蔬菜合作社演示了2台不同模式的移栽机和3台收获机，达到了甘蓝类蔬菜机械化移栽和收获预期作业效果，实现了甘蓝类蔬菜全程机械化生产。
 
图6 结球甘蓝机械化生产模式
 

(a)单垄单行模式      (b)单垄双行模式
 
　　图7 机栽甘蓝长势
 

(a)生物质团队研发旋耕起垄移栽一体机 (b)果蔬茶团队研发的自走式甘蓝收获机
 
　　图8 机械化田间演示
 
图9  蔬菜轻简化生产装备技术培训交流现场
 
　　观摩会后，陈永生研究员主持召开了蔬菜轻简化生产装备技术培训交流会，上海市上海市绿叶菜体系首席专家朱为民研究员、江苏省蔬菜体系首席专家王伟明研究员、江苏省农机具开发应用中心蔡国芳研究员等分别介绍了上海叶菜机械化的探索与实践、江苏省蔬菜产业现状和江苏省蔬菜机械化生产应用。本次观摩培训交流会更加促进了绿叶类蔬菜和甘蓝类蔬菜轻简化生产农机与农艺的融合，对加快推进我国蔬菜生产机械化、促进蔬菜产业提质增效发展具有重要意义。

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