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风云变幻70年,“白手起家”的农机行业怎么样了?

2019-10-07 13:16:12 来源:农机网原创 作者:四夕 阅读量:51016 评论

导读:70年来,我国农业发展从1949年的粮食产量仅有2264亿斤,先后迈过11个千亿斤台阶,现在已连续4年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上,还有“油瓶子”“菜篮子”“果盘子”也是供应充足,9%的耕地养活了近20%的人口,堪称世界农业*的奇迹。在农业机械化方面,同样“白手起家”,不断发展。

  【农机网 市场行情】近日,“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平被授予“共和国勋章”。他一生致力于杂交水稻技术的研究、应用与推广,发明“三系法”籼型杂交水稻,成功研究出“两系法”杂交水稻,创建了超级杂交稻技术体系,为我国粮食安全、农业科学发展和世界粮食供给作出了杰出贡献。而这项成果,正是我国70年来科技进步的一个缩影。
 
  70年来,我国农业发展从1949年的粮食产量仅有2264亿斤,先后迈过11个千亿斤台阶,现在已连续4年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上,还有“油瓶子”“菜篮子”“果盘子”也是供应充足,9%的耕地养活了近20%的人口,堪称世界农业*的奇迹。
 
  在农业机械化方面,同样“白手起家”,不断发展。
 
  70年,农机行业快速发展
 
  1949年至1980年,提出“农业的根本出路在于机械化”这一论断,制定明确的农业机械化发展目标和相应的指导方针、政策。
 
  1981至1995年,农村开始实行家庭联产承包责任制,国家对农业机械化和农机工业的直接投入逐渐减少,农民逐步成为投资和经营农业机械的主体。农机工业开始大规模结构调整,适合农村小规模经营的小型农机具、农用运输车等应运而生。
 
  1996至2003年,市场经济不断发展,农村青年劳动力开始大量外出务工寻找工作机会,农村劳动力出现短缺,农业机械化跨区机收等农机社会化服务开始现出端倪,联合收割机异军突起。
 
  2004至2014年,农机行业的“黄金十年”,《农业机械化促进法》公布实施,农机购置补贴政策拉动农机行业发展,国家的政策制度成为农机发展不可或缺的推动力。
 
  目前,我国农业生产已由主要依靠人力畜力转为主要依靠机械动力,进入了机械化为主导的新阶段。全国规模以上农机企业2500多家,是世界农机生产大国;农机装备水平不断发展,全国农机总动力近10亿千瓦;全国农机户及服务组织4249万个,机耕、机播、机收、机械植保和机电灌溉作业面积合计超过63亿亩,成为农机使用大国;全国农作物耕种收综合机械化率超过67%,其中主要粮食作物耕种收综合机械化率超过80%。
 
  2018年,科技研发投入19678亿元
 
  这一切离不开科技创新投入,2018年,我国研发经费规模达到19678亿元,居*二;研发支出占GDP比重达2.19%,超过2017年欧盟15国平均水平(2.13%);研发人员总量在2013年超过美国。强大的人才优势、完善的激励机制、不断加码的研发投入,使得我国科技发展“软环境”更加优越,逐渐探索出一条从人才强、科技强到产业强、经济强、国家强的创新发展新路径。
 
  随着人工智能、智能制造、大数据、云计算等高新科技在农业机械领域的不断拓展应用,农业机械被赋予了智慧化特征,不断释放新动能。从无人驾驶拖拉机高速精量播种,到使用无人机遥感技术测试农作物长势、监测土壤肥力,再到变量施肥、变量施药、水肥一体化,后实现实时测产的智能化收获,智能化农机装备成为了现代农业发展的新亮点。
 
  引进来”和“走出去”齐头并进,加强合作
 
  与此同时,如果说科技是人类文明的结晶,那么,开放包容就是科技进步的硬核。我国对外经贸“引进来”和“走出去”齐头并进,区域经贸合作持续推进,形成了、多层次、宽领域的全面开放新格局。
 
  随着我国农机出口型企业转型升级步伐的加快,出口型产品性能和可靠性正在不断提升,驻外服务的能力也在加强,我国的拖拉机及农机具、收割机、烘干机、植保机械等产品深受亚洲、非洲等地用户的青睐,农机出口市场依然广阔。据海关统计数据:2017年农机行业进出口总额123.27亿美元,同比增长11.18%。出口额100.89亿美元,同比增长14.53%。其中,拖拉机(包括轮、履及履带牵引车、手扶)出口总量是151519台,同比增长20.40%。
 
  2019中国农业机械展览会将于10月30日在青岛西海岸新区青岛世界博览城展览中心开幕,在展会第二日下午(10月31日),中国农业机械流通协会将在会议中心举办以“聚焦亚太、共赢”为主题的中国农机贸易峰会,促进中国农机行业“走出去、引进来”,加强我国与亚太区域以及的农机贸易与合作。
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