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南京农机化所耕整地机械创新团队在新疆吐鲁番开展西甜瓜耕种机械化田间试验示范

2019-05-21 09:47:18 来源：农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 阅读量：22259 评论

导读：近年来吐鲁番地区早熟哈密瓜生产在耕整地、铺管铺膜以及植保、水肥一体化等环节已逐步实现机械化，然而种植环节仍完全依赖于人工。低效率与高人工成本投入的生产方式，导致当地哈密瓜生产的规模效益难以显现。为提升哈密瓜生产机械化水平，解决因“用工难”、“用工贵”、“机械化程度低”导致的哈密瓜生产比较效益不断下降等问题，农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所耕整地机械创新团队、国家西甜瓜产业技术体系机械化研究室针对早熟

　　【农机网 科技创新】近年来吐鲁番地区早熟哈密瓜生产在耕整地、铺管铺膜以及植保、水肥一体化等环节已逐步实现机械化，然而种植环节仍完全依赖于人工。低效率与高人工成本投入的生产方式，导致当地哈密瓜生产的规模效益难以显现。为提升哈密瓜生产机械化水平，解决因“用工难”、“用工贵”、“机械化程度低”导致的哈密瓜生产比较效益不断下降等问题，农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所耕整地机械创新团队、国家西甜瓜产业技术体系机械化研究室针对早熟哈密瓜双膜种植模式，成功研发了2ZXS-2型西甜瓜铺管铺膜坐水移栽复式作业机和3GFX-90型西甜瓜拱棚覆膜机两款西甜瓜耕种机械。4月7日-4月15日在新疆吐鲁番鄯善县对该两种机型开展了田间试验并召开了现场观摩会。
 
　　2ZXS-2型西甜瓜铺管铺膜坐水移栽复式作业机，一个作业流程即可完成旋耕、铺滴灌带、铺地膜及膜边覆土、钵苗膜上移栽、根底注水、种植穴堆土及镇压的机械化复式作业，移栽苗株距30-45cm可调，行距40cm，适应膜宽80-100cm，根部注水量30-200ml可调。该机具的使用极大地提高了作业效率，减少了劳动用工与劳动强度，机械化作业效率可达1亩/人*小时，而人工作业效率仅为0.125亩/人*小时。旱地移栽后8小时进行滴灌的瓜苗成活率超过97%，满足了新疆哈密瓜种植要求。3GFX-90型西甜瓜拱棚覆膜机，一个作业流程即可完成小拱棚弓架插接、覆棚膜、膜边覆土的机械化复式作业，拱棚宽度90cm，适应膜宽230-250cm，能与西甜瓜铺管铺膜坐水移栽机配套使用，从而实现了早熟哈密瓜双膜种植模式下耕种环节的全程机械化。该两种机型的推广应用，将大幅提升我国西甜瓜耕种机械化水平与规模化生产能力，减少用工成本，推动西甜瓜生产提质增效。
 
　　4月12日，南京农机化所耕整地机械创新团队、国家西甜瓜产业技术体系机械化研究室联合新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所共同主办的西甜瓜耕种机械化田间作业现场观摩会在鄯善县巴喀村顺利召开。新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所所长廖新福研究员，新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心主任伊鸿平研究员，国家西甜瓜产业技术体系甜瓜露地栽培岗位专家冯炯鑫研究员及其团队成员，吐鲁番综合试验站杨军站长及其团队成员，以及哈密瓜产区农机、农技推广服务部门，示范县哈密瓜种植大户等40多名人员参加了现场观摩。两种机具的作业效果获得与会人员的一致肯定。不少种瓜大户详细了解两套机具的作业参数、作业要求，纷纷要求加快这些机具的推广应用，争取早日实现“机器换人”。当地新闻媒体鄯善电视台对现场进行了全程跟踪报道。

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