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《创新中国》:大数据时代,从看天吃饭走向知天而作

2018-03-30 17:02:55 来源:中国农机网 作者:四夕 阅读量:46146 评论

导读:  这段时间,朋友圈已经被纪录片《创新中国》刷屏。《创新中国》,央视出品,豆瓣评分9.3分,是继《超级工程》、《航拍中国》之后的一部讲述超前沿科学的大型纪录片。在集“为农业服务的卫星”中,向我们展示了如何运用大数据来解决长久以来制约我国农业发展现代化的难题。

  【中国农机网 本站原创】这段时间,朋友圈已经被纪录片《创新中国》刷屏。《创新中国》,央视出品,豆瓣评分9.3分,是继《超级工程》、《航拍中国》之后的一部讲述超前沿科学的大型纪录片。在集“为农业服务的卫星”中,向我们展示了如何运用大数据来解决长久以来制约我国农业发展现代化的难题。
 
  在农业高度机械化的国家,例如美国,基本凭借着地多人少的优势,生产高度区域化和专业化、经营集约化和产业化,为我国的农业发展现代化提供了借鉴作用。然而,因为国情的不同,显然美国的成功模式不能被简单复制,那么,在卫星数据进入上升阶段的新时期,我们应该如何运用大数据来解决长久以来制约我国农业发展现代化的难题呢?
 
  一亩三分地的困境
 
  “中国土地其实是比较破碎的,一人一亩三分地的状况,生产的集约化难以做到,需要更多的人力物力去投入,才能把每块地都经营好。”相对比于美国而言,有着长达几十米收割盘的联合收割机在中国显然是要“水土不服”的,面积广阔的山地丘陵使得一些超大型农机无法顺利运作。而另一方面,农民因为自身知识水平以及缺乏有效的信息支撑等原因,大部分还是沿用传统的耕作操作,这与现代科技在农业上的运用产生了不能忽视的矛盾。
 
  农村里,尤其是能留下来务农的“真农民”一般教育程度较低,年龄普遍较大,农民素质需要进一步提高。企业和农户的生产经营缺乏有效的信息引导,科技、生产、市场不能形成联动,农民不知道什么机器是适合使用的,即便知道也有可能因为价格等各方面原因而无法购买,甚至有的已经购买了,却因为不会操作而废置。农业机械面临无人会操作、无人可操作的困境。此外,落后的基础设施条件也为农机在农村的使用增加了难度。
 
  “靠山吃山、靠水吃水”,水分、温度、土壤等自然条件的制约也影响着我国的农业现代化发展。就当前形势而言,我国的现代化农业发展面临着信息技术先进而传统产业落后、单项技术而技术集成缺乏、产业链需求旺盛而基础工作不足的问题。
 
  从看天吃饭走向知天而作
 
  大数据时代,农业逐步走向农业的道路。通过对气候、土壤和空气质量、作物成熟度等各种实时数据的收集,来分析预测农产品产量至关重要。航拍加卫星导航系统,对人类肉眼难以分析出来的信息给出更加准确的数据。
 
  从选择合适的种子、适宜的种植密度,到病虫害防控、灌溉、施肥,再到收获和仓储,在每个种植季中,农民需要作出40~50 项决定,而这些决定都会影响终收成。美国航空航天局前大数据家张弓说,上万亩的苹果园里要数出每一棵树上苹果花的数量,花的数量反映了未来苹果的产量,是重要的评估数据,而人眼难以识别的这些数据,机器可以做到。他还举例通过大数据预估分析可以知道山东寿光每天可以提供的蔬菜量,从而降低市场波动风险,终影响到五百公里外的北京市场上的蔬菜价格。这些都是大数据在农业领域的应用。
 
  很明显,农业模式下,通过提供作物大数据、气象预测以及病虫害预警服务,可以实现中国农业从传统“看天吃饭”的经验模式到“知天而作”的现代数据农业模式的转变,“天时地利人和”有了更大的把握空间。
 
  结语
 
  中国作为人口大国,而“民以食为天”的说法又暗含着粮食生产对中国社会稳定发展的作用,粮食安全作为我国的国家战略地位非常牢固,因此,农业现代化的发展至关重要。科技支撑作为农业发展进步的重要因素,机械化程度的高低更是整个农业价值链的一个重要组成部分。
 
  “危楼高百尺,手可摘星辰”。今天,信息技术将为传统农业注入新的活力。新一代的卫星技术观察已经达到亚米级别,这意味着从万里高空也可以看到地面几十厘米大小的物体,结合高分辨率的卫星影像,大数据算法正悄无声息地影响着我们每天的生活。
 
      版权声明:本文由中国农机网(www.nongjx.com)原创,转载请注明出处。
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