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四川乐山暴雨灾情引关注,细数农业生产的“五大敌”

2018-05-23 14:40:07 来源:中国农机网整理发布 阅读量:28795 评论

导读:5月21日19时至22日8时,四川省乐山市出现区域性大暴雨天气,乐山市气象台相关人士表示,本轮区域性暴雨发生时间早、覆盖范围广、暴雨量级大、降雨强度高,并伴随雷电、大风灾害天气,为历史同期罕见。据乐山市政府应急办通报,经初步统计,大暴雨造成全市151个乡镇9.112万人受灾,6354公顷农作物受损,直接经济损失高达16367.88万元。

  【中国农机网 编辑视角】5月21日19时至22日8时,四川省乐山市出现区域性大暴雨天气,乐山市气象台相关人士表示,本轮区域性暴雨发生时间早、覆盖范围广、暴雨量级大、降雨强度高,并伴随雷电、大风灾害天气,为历史同期罕见。据乐山市政府应急办通报,经初步统计,大暴雨造成全市151个乡镇9.112万人受灾,6354公顷农作物受损,直接经济损失高达16367.88万元。
 
  天气不仅会造成人员伤亡,对农业生产的影响也是极其严重的。我国作为农业大国,在一定程度上还没有摆脱“靠天吃饭”的现状,气候始终是影响农业生产的重要决定因素。据统计,中国每年由天气引发自然灾害所造成的农作物受灾面积达5000万公顷,造成的直接经济损失占国民生产总值的3~6%。其中,台风、暴雨洪涝、干旱、强对流天气以及沙尘暴等造成的影响尤为严重。

 

  1、台风
 
  我国台风登陆时间早在5月,晚12月,以7~10月为集中。台风盛行的季节,正是农作物的生长季,也是水产养殖的旺季,因此,水旱作物、蔬菜、果树和渔业养殖都会受到影响。台风不仅会直接毁坏农作物,影响作物的生长发育及抗逆能力,还会带来病菌传播、病虫害流行蔓延;同时还会引发泥石流、山崩、滑坡和水土流失等次生灾害,使农业耕地遭到泥沙石的淹盖;会导致土壤质量下降,影响农作物的生长;有的台风甚至会引发海水倒灌,造成土地盐碱化,不利于农作物的生长,有的农田甚至废耕。
 
  2 、暴雨与洪涝
 
  中国大部分地区年降水量集中在夏季, 年际变化十分明显, 洪涝灾害较为频繁, 是影响作物产量的又一重要气象灾害, 整体上可能导致农业产量减少约24%。洪涝灾害多数是由持续性暴雨、特大暴雨造成的江河洪水泛滥, 淹没或冲毁作物, 导致减产或绝收。我国洪涝区主要分布在东南部, 集中分布在长江和黄淮河流域。
 
  3、干旱
 
  干旱是中国为严重的农业气象灾害, 在各种气象灾害造成的损失中, 旱灾造成的损失达62%。农业干旱是指由外界环境因素(长期无雨或降水显著偏少)造成作物体内水分失去平衡,引起生长滞缓、萎蔫、落花、落果、干枯死亡, 进而导致减产或绝收的现象。
 
  4、强对流天气(雷电、冰雹、龙卷风)
 
  中国每年因雷击造成的人员伤亡超过1000人,其中死亡人数达一半以上, 财产损失估计在50-100亿元; 每年平均雹灾面积173万公顷, 重灾年达400万公顷, 造成的经济损失约为10亿元。龙卷风平均每年100个左右, 雷雨大风时有发生, 对农业生产、交通、电力和人民生命财产安全等都造成十分严重的损失。
 
  5、沙尘暴
 
  沙尘暴是我国西北地区和华北北部地区出现的强灾害性天气。据统计,由于荒漠化加剧、生态恶化, 中国现已有24000个村庄消失。
 
  结语
 
  农业是国民经济的基础,天气引发的自然灾害会造成农业生产的波动、危及粮食安全、社会稳定和经济的可持续发展,因此,提前采取对策减少灾害带来的损失具有重要的战略意义。农业自身方面,要加强农田水利基础设施建设、培育抗逆性强的农作物新品种,增强抗灾能力;气象部门要建立气象灾害监测预警预报机制,制定科学合理的应对措施,大限度减少气象事件对农业的影响。
 
  本文由中国农机网(www.nongjx.coml)整理发布,资料来源:中国青年网、搜狐网、中国兴农网,若有侵权或异议请联系我们。
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