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城市化与农村发展是否矛盾?

2018-04-17 17:00:13 来源:农机网 作者:四夕 阅读量:49522 评论

导读:一旦谈及农村农业发展,我们必然会谈到随着城市化发展,农村人口的大量流失导致的农村“空心化”问题,劳动力锐减给农村发展带来的消极影响一目了然。那么,城市化与农村发展真的存在矛盾吗?

  【中国农机网 本站原创】一旦谈及农村农业发展,我们必然会谈到随着城市化发展,农村人口的大量流失导致的农村“空心化”问题,劳动力锐减给农村发展带来的消极影响一目了然。那么,城市化与农村发展真的存在矛盾吗?
 
 
       城市化与农村发展存在矛盾
 
  “50后”种不动地,“60后”种不好地,“70后”不愿种地,“80后”不会种地,“90后”不谈种地已经是当前农村的普遍现状了,越来越多的农村人口外出寻找工作机会,这是由多方面因素决定的。
 
  长久以来人们的刻板印象总是觉得农村是脏乱差的,农民是贫瘠而粗糙的,农业劳作是“面朝黄土背朝天”的。而随着智能手机的使用、互联网的普及使得青壮年们更加不愿意留在农村。近热播的《北京女子图鉴》中,“在北京,无论住在哪儿肯定没有在自己家里住得舒服,但其实住哪儿不重要,重要的是出了这个门以外的世界,才是你必须要好好收拾的世界。”看,即便是压力再大的“北上广”,至少在外面看来总是光鲜亮丽的,而这显然与“脏乱差”的农村形成了鲜明对比。
 
  另一方面来说,农村人口接受教育程度越来越高,也就使得越来越多的人选择去到城市发挥自己的作用。在传统故事中,农民子弟想要光宗耀祖就需要努力学习参加科举,其实折射到现代,很多传统家庭依然是存在着这个思想的。父母想要孩子好好学习而不是走他们的“老路”,甚至一些家庭会觉得孩子接受了教育以后还回来种地是一件可耻的事情,所以这也是80、90不会种地的原因之一。
 
  农业机械化大势所趋
 
  假如中国和美国同样生产一顿的粮食,你会发现其实两国的生产资料和地租很相近,成本差异主要集中在劳动力成本上。即便是我国的农村劳动力用工成本很低,或许只有美国农民的十分之一,但是因为对劳动力的需求过大,这就使得终每吨粮食的人力成本差异是数量级的。更不必谈目前中国农村“空心化”问题严重,劳动力缺失,“供不应求”远远达不到所需求的劳动力数量。因此,农业机械化是我国实现乡村振兴战略至关重要的一环。
 
  谈到农业机械化,我们自然会想到中国地形地貌的差异性为机械化进程带来的消极作用。机械化难以推广,差异巨大的地形地貌这个天然缺陷我们必须承认,然而,地形却绝非主要原因。*,黑龙江是我国大规模机械化农场,对比农业人口较多的河北、河南、山东就能发现,同样是平原较多的省份,这三个省份的每亩用工数量远高于黑龙江。这从侧面反应了现代农业并不需要那么多人,太多的农业人口反而会使地权分散。人均“一亩三分地”,不同家庭的土地之间存在着田埂争议等各方面矛盾,为大型农机的使用带来了不便,难以推广大规模机械化或是其他现代农业生产。这个时候我们会发现,想要发展农业就必须发展城市。
 
  城市化促进农村发展
 
  虽然城市化的进程为农村发展带来了一定的问题,但是同时也促进了农村及农业转型升级。城市发展使得农村劳动力流失的同时也将大量农村劳动力城市化,大量的农民变成工人,这有利于在农村土地上铺开机器,加速农业机械化进程。同时,我们不可否认,城市的发展,促进科技的进步,使得农机的研发制造更加适应我国国情。而分流农村人口,加速城镇化建设,对促进城乡一体化又有着重大作用。
 
  当前我国正处于传统农业向现代农业转型的关键时期,大量先进农业科学技术、率农业设施装备、现代化经营管理理念越来越多被引入到农业生产的各个领域,事实上,与其说我们缺少传统农民不如说缺少高素质的新型职业农民,而职业农民不仅仅需要有一定的专业技能,还需要懂经营、善管理,而这些人才是城市化发展进程中带来的。
 
  小结
 
  城市化与农村发展自然存在矛盾,但是这个矛盾或许并不如你想象的大。不要让“一亩三分地”成为农民脖子上的枷锁,现代农业发展并不需要那么多农民。同时,自然也不可忽视这背后的利益及制度问题,城市化进程突飞猛进的现在,农村也亟待发展,不要让乡村振兴成为一句空话。
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