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农业灌溉用水总量如何实现零增长?

2017-10-18 09:50:08 来源:中国农机网 作者:秋雨 阅读量:48054 评论

导读:导语:我国农田水利经过数十年的建设与发展,有效灌溉农田面积已由1996年的50381.00千公顷(约7.5亿亩)增加到目前的65872.60千公顷(约9.8亿亩)。中国正在以占世界9%的耕地、6%的水资源量,养活着世界20%的人口。

  【中国农机网 本站原创】导语:我国农田水利经过数十年的建设与发展,有效灌溉农田面积已由1996年的50381.00千公顷(约7.5亿亩)增加到目前的65872.60千公顷(约9.8亿亩)。中国正在以占世界9%的耕地、6%的水资源量,养活着世界20%的人口。
 
农业灌溉用水总量如何实现零增长?
 
  我国是人口大国、农业大国,但淡水资源却并不丰富。我国拥有世界上2.8万亿立方米的淡水资源,位居*六位,在40多个严重缺水的国家中位居前列。
 
  降水是我国河川径流的主要补给来源,全国降水量的44%转化为径流,平均径流深284.8mm。而我国降水量受海陆分布和地形等因素的影响,水资源的地区分布与耕地的分布很不适应。南方耕地面积只占全国的35.9%,水资源占总量的81%,亩均水量是全国均值的2.3倍。北方黄河、淮河、海河、辽河四大流域片的耕地多、人口密,淡水资源量却只有全国的19%,亩均水量也仅为全国均值的15%。
 
  有关数据显示,农业灌溉用水量是*用水总量的70%,利用率很低,浪费严重。据估计,*有37%的灌溉水用于作物生长,其余63%都被浪费掉了。因此,提高灌溉技术是提高农业用水效率的“后一公里”。
 
  目前,我国共有设计灌溉面积 30 万亩及以上的灌区 456 处,有效灌溉面积 2.8 亿亩,占全国耕地面积的 15%,灌区内生产的粮食产量、农业总产值均超过全国总量的 1/4,是我国粮食安全的重要保障和农业农村经济社会发展的重要支撑。
 
  “十二五”期间,我国新增农田有效灌溉面积7500万亩、改善灌溉面积2.8亿亩。实施东北节水增粮、西北节水增效、华北节水压采、南方节水减排等区域规模化节水灌溉,发展节水灌溉面积1.2亿亩。“五小水利”工程建设加快推进,农田灌溉水有效利用系数提高到0.532,为全国粮食产量“十二连增”提供了有力支撑。
 
  《2016年水资源公报》显示,去年全国生活用水量同比增加28.1亿立方米,人工生态环境补水量同比增加19.9亿立方米,农业节水为水资源可持续利用作出积极贡献。
 
  2017年来自水利部的新消息显示,党的十八大以来,随着生态文明建设深入推进,农业节水灌溉不断提速。5年来,全国新增节水灌溉面积1亿亩,节水灌溉面积超过3亿亩,灌溉水有效利用系数已达0.542。在保障国家粮食安全的同时,农业灌溉用水总量实现零增长。
 
  笔者结语
 
  绿色发展是农业健康持续发展的必然趋势。比如:现如今人们热衷于绿色有机食品,生态环境,农家乐等生态农业。同时,我国城镇化、工业化发展的水资源需求量增加,更加凸显了农业节水灌溉的重要性及必要性。
 
  今年,国家发展改革委、水利部要求骨干渠系水利用系数达到 0.64,灌溉水利用系数达到 0.49 以上,节水能力达到 100 亿立方米。因此,、节能环保将是灌溉设备制造商们的一个研发方向。
 
  中国农机网原创,转载请注明出处。
 
  资料来源:国家统计局网站、中国经济网
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